Hello Gabriele Matteoli

To address your topic of "contact points": I suppose it is all the same points because ECG is standardised - you have to use the standard positions, I suppose. One of the things I have seen done is hair on the chest is removed to improve the contact.

In regard to the points you mentioned in the text, I totally agree - future monitoring devices will have to be developed, they will be less invasive, smaller and more comfortable. Do you think these will be more for the purpose of detecting myocardial ischaemia or for arrhythmias?

The contact points are relevant to creating what are known as lead axes, so it depends on what lead axis you want to display on the ECG. The most important aspect of a skin electrode is the skin preparation before sticking the electrode in place.

How do you know that cables and electrodes are going to disappear? To suggest that implies you know how AI is going to provide an ECG recording. I think the more likely purpose of AI is in the interpretation of the ECG signal after it is acquired.

I do not believe the AI will be utilized to describe heart rhythms. Heart Rhythm is unique from so many variations and variables in human physiology. I also do not believe heart rhythm any time soon with be detected without electrode of at least one hook up. Although optical readers can detect blood flow and pulse , electrical activity of the heart is a sign of the heart muscle activity where flow may or may not be occurring. It unlikely to deduce these minute variations of electrical activity without body contact due to impedance. Impedance to electrical current flow make it very unlikely to see the heart electrical activity in the precise measurement required without touching the body.