Senior Leaders in higher ed have the power to make and execute changes. Yet, data show that the leaders’ gender, race/ethnicity (Johnson, 2021), inexperience in leadership style, and their predecessors' policies and informal groups (Fagan et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2020; Javeed et al., 2019; Marchiondo et al., 2021) can impact their power/influence in the making decisions or implementing anti-racist policies. This influence continues to adversely affect the Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) geoscientists on campuses and neighboring communities (Wolfe & Riggs, 2017).
What else am I missing?
References:
Guo, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). Inclusive leadership, leader identification and employee voice behavior: The moderating role of power distance. Current Psychology, 41, 1301-1310.
Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Zaffar, M., Haque, A., & Rubab, U. (2019). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(4), 554-571.
Johnson, G. (2021). Gender, diversity, and the United States judiciary. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 41(1), 61-71.
Marchiondo, L. A., Verney, S. P., & Venner, K. L. (2021). Academic leaders' diversity attitudes: Their role in predicting faculty support for institutional diversity. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 1-10.
Wolfe, B. A., & Riggs, E. M. (2017). Macrosystem analysis of programs and strategies to increase underrepresented populations in the geosciences. Journal of Geoscience Education, 65, 577-593.
Of course, the race cultures are bring practiced in some countries. This could be chronic problems among the people and how the Government treat them through those policies which are favourable to the low race people.
I think that the anti-racist policies in some countries but some countries have caste system policies to save weaker section of the citizens.
There must be reservation for the racist people for higher education quota to enter it.
The main impact of the the implementation of those policies due to the discrimination against the race background people have been neglected off for higher education.
I don't see any understanding that higher education is a credentialing system that is, for numerous reasons, inherently racist. This is intentional, for almost 200 years or even longer. Why would you expect it to change?
You might start with Randall Collins, The Credential Society (1979/2019), or Cristina Groeger, The Education Trap (2021), https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap and her sources, https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-bibliography.
Tressie McMillan Cottom, Lower ed: The troubling rise of for-profit colleges in the new economy. The New Press, 2017; and Cottom's
"Where platform capitalism and racial capitalism meet: The sociology of race and racism in the digital society." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6.4 (2020): 441-449.
Regarding the earlier point, credentialism, you might start with
David Kamens, "Legitimating myths and educational organization: The relationship between organizational ideology and formal structure." American Sociological Review (1977): 208-219.
Peter McLaren, Schooling as a ritual performance: Toward a political economy of educational symbols and gestures. Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
Hello Carlene Burton
I agree with the slightly pessimistic view of Glen McGhee that the system is inherently prejudiced. That is so true in my experience, unfortunately, and change cannot be expected quickly. Universities are governed by the ethnicity in charge of the government and seems often to be an extension of maintaining these policies, quite unfair often, it seems.
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