Looking for recent articles (2018-2020) that showed resting state brain activity can predict cognitive task performance (e.g., attentional and executive functioning tasks) done in the lab AFTER the MRI scan.
I am relatively new to the field but I believe my thoughts on that may steer you in the right direction.
Resting-state functional connectivity is hypothesised by some to reflect the repeated history of co-activation between brain regions (Guerra-Camillo et al., 2014). Thus, researchers started investigating whether patterns in that type of data could in fact predict the cognitive task performance, and they succeeded in it.
As for the reason why behavioural tasks are performed after scanning, I remember coming across an article, which showed that execution of a neurofeedback task had a significant impact on the resting-state measures acquired right after the neurofeedback session (compared to the pre-neurofeedback scan). It may work this way for other kinds of tasks as well. Thus, researchers may want to exclude the possibility that tasks done prior to acquiring MRI data affect the resting-state measures, they may want to keep it as "clean" as possible.
Here are some publications.Hope you get leads from these papers
Alderson, T. H., Bokde, A., Kelso, J., Maguire, L., & Coyle, D. (2020). Metastable neural dynamics underlies cognitive performance across multiple behavioural paradigms. Human brain mapping, 41(12), 3212–3234. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25009
Jiang, P., Vuontela, V., Tokariev, M., Lin, H., Aronen, E. T., Ma, Y., & Carlson, S. (2018). Functional connectivity of intrinsic cognitive networks during resting state and task performance in preadolescent children. PloS one, 13(10), e0205690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205690
Fong, A., Yoo, K., Rosenberg, M. D., Zhang, S., Li, C. R., Scheinost, D., Constable, R. T., & Chun, M. M. (2019). Dynamic functional connectivity during task performance and rest predicts individual differences in attention across studies. NeuroImage, 188, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.057
Ito, T., Brincat, S. L., Siegel, M., Mill, R. D., He, B. J., Miller, E. K., Rotstein, H. G., & Cole, M. W. (2020). Task-evoked activity quenches neural correlations and variability across cortical areas. PLoS computational biology, 16(8), e1007983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007983
Kieliba, P., Madugula, S., Filippini, N., Duff, E. P., & Makin, T. R. (2019). Large-scale intrinsic connectivity is consistent across varying task demands. PloS one, 14(4), e0213861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213861