Dear Aleš Kralj,

Thank for the reply.

Ever since the need to keep the average rise of global temperature below 2oC has become the focus of international efforts. Many technical recommendations (including few you quoted in your reply) are in action and a part of different countries action framework. But you might have noticed that there are several shortcomings in the way (for example- the world political leaders cum the policy makers have their own probable constraints and visualization) of sustainable growth based on policies and strategies. That is why based on that I mention in the description of the discussion started that “We cannot rely idea which country is doing good and which is not in holding the promise to curb CO2 and including many other such concomitant factors associated with policy making- as it may involve many constraints associated with leadership and others.”

So therefore, apart from the Technical possibilities (the lacunas in implementation depends on different country action plan and associated possible constraints), now there is need to explore scientific ways to curb CO2 in the atmosphere OTHER THAN the policies covering sustainable growth via the use of renewable resources.

Ok, we can give room here to technical possibilities ALSO.

I hope the current discussion entitled “What are likely scientific ways to curb CO2 in the atmosphere OTHER THAN the policies covering sustainable growth via the use of renewable resources? ” would be perennial until issue associated with global warming is there!

Lets think over and keep exploring!

Cheers!

Vaid, B. H.

CO2 can be reduced in these ways -Highly efficient solar panels, Hydrogen Fuel Cells etc

But we have to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide already in theatmosphere. The current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is already high enough to bring about a warming of more than 2 degrees after it has worked its way through the climate system. The current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is already high enough to bring about a warming of more than 2 degrees after it has worked its way through the climate system. If we want to save the Paris accord, we must either reduce our emissions to zero, which is not yet possible, or combine a significant emissions reduction with the physical removal of about 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per year indefinitely.

Currently, the best way to save our future is to remove carbon dioxide through direct air capture, a process that involves pumping air through a system that removes carbon dioxide and either liquefies it and stores it or chemically turns it into a substance either inert or useful.

The use of Allam Cycle can also be solution for reducing carbon emissions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam_power_cycle

Sequestration of the GHGs through producer community. Please see the article

Since people will go on producing more and more CO2, the only way to reduce this gas is to make it combine with another chemical and take it out of the air.

Dear Sheikh Mohammad Famim Ahmed,

Thanks for your suggestion on the use of Allam Cycle for the reducing CO2 emission. Noted it.

Let’s keep a note of all the technical and scientific suggestions coming out by the current discussion and then later we can check which ones are effectively been implemented by different countries CO2 emission action plan and what are those recommendation which are facing issues in implementation. Because we know that issues in implementation may varies from country to country leadership and other factors. That is why we are noticing that several countries are lagging behind in holding the promise to curb CO2. And CO2 scores are different for different countries. For this we may not blame the respective leadership.

We should think constructive way to find out what kind of lacunas in implementation is prevailing and at the same time think on new constructive way to reduce CO2 emission in the atmosphere.

With this aim, first let’s point out all possibilities (technical and scientific) to curb CO2. And then later we may all can prepare a list which ones are effective in which countries and which ones not and why NOT?

And will also try to prepare a list of new possibilities (apart from already been recommended) coming out from the current discussion. I hope this would be the constructive way to handle the problem and fix the prevailing issues associated with the reduction in the CO2 emission.

Let’s keep answering!

Thanks!

Vaid, B. H.

Dear Abhijit Mitra and Michael Issigonis,

Thanks for your suggestions. Noted it.

Let’s keep a note of all the technical and scientific suggestions coming out by the current discussion and then later we can check which ones are effectively been implemented by different countries CO2 emission action plan and what are those recommendation which are facing issues in implementation. Because we know that issues in implementation may varies from country to country leadership and other factors. That is why we are noticing that several countries are lagging behind in holding the promise to curb CO2. And CO2 scores are different for different countries. For this we may not blame the respective leadership.

We should think constructive way to find out what kind of lacunas in implementation is prevailing and at the same time think on new constructive way to reduce CO2 emission in the atmosphere.

With this aim, first let’s point out all possibilities (technical and scientific) to curb CO2. And then later we may all can prepare a list which ones are effective in which countries and which ones not and why NOT?

And will also try to prepare a list of new possibilities (apart from already been recommended) coming out from the current discussion. I hope this would be the constructive way to handle the problem and fix the prevailing issues associated with the reduction in the CO2 emission.

Let’s keep answering!

Cheers!

Vaid, B. H.

Interesting! Following

Dear Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak,

Thanks for appreciating and joining the ongoing discussion.

Cheers!

This is an interesting topic I'm so passionate about. Thanks for the discussions.

I believe there are a great many different strategies that need to be developed in congruence with a total carbon reduction strategy. Our methods for carbon sequestration and reduced output will have to be as widely varied and creative as the methods by which the problem has been created. Ideally it will be more creative involving a wider market of community based small and medium sized businesses providing high quality long term sustainable solutions.

for Carbon reduction I think part of the answer is a return to producing higher quality products. People feeling connected to their objects and their value. This means more people employed making products for best fit solutions instead of mass manufactured things where you might replace said item a dozen times or hundreds of times over a lifetime instead of once of twice. This goes double for Housing and land development in general.

Personally I think one of the most effective ways to sequester a huge amount of carbon from the atmosphere also involved the development industry. With new structural solution like medium and high-rise wood frame structures we can justify planting millions of hectares of fast growing high carbon sequestration trees. there are new solutions for mixing plant fiber into concrete and cement block that will capture and hold onto 10% of their weight over the average lifetime of a building.

The piece that is closest to my own work is land degradation, every year our total arable farm land and productivity globally reduces, this is going to continue if we do not return massive swaths of land to grasslands, wetlands, and forests. I think a huge shift to localized verticle farming will allow us to capture incredible amounts of carbon in our food. if we can rehabilitate land around our major watersheds to a healthier standard we can give the oceans a booster shot, and ultimately the micro biotic environment of the oceans capturing carbon is the most significant system in the biosphere.

Dear Perpetual Obeta,

Thanks for the interest and generous appreciation.

Cheers!

Dear Colin Tilbrook,

Thanks for adding interesting views!

You views on “….…… and ultimately the micro biotic environment of the oceans capturing carbon is the most significant system in the biosphere.” is much similar I have my mind and it looks really potent. I think in the direction much more attention work is required. I feel, it will emerge as great idea in the field. Great view!, dear Colin.

In this ongoing discussion we will also aim to look at the regional dependence of CO2 curb measures.

Cheers!

Here thought to share the important point drawn from the recent research carried out by Goodwin et al,. (2008).

“It is a great need to develop carbon capture techniques to limit the warming for the next generations”

This point also reinforces present ongoing discussion. Let’s list the views.

Cheers!

Hi,

It is recommended that to estimate the environmental impacts of implementing the renewable energies, use RETScreen software. This software is really powerful in this field.

M.Firoozzadeh,

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran

Hi Abdulrahman Alkhaldi, Abhijit Mitra, Aleš Kralj, Andrea Rossi, Colin Tilbrook, Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak, Kantaoui Mohammed, Michael Issigonis, Mila Ilieva, Mohammad Firoozzadeh, Perpetual Obeta, Sajad Hussain Din, Sheikh Mohammad Famim Ahmed, Yu-Da Lin, and other RG members,

Would appreciate if you may list the effective initiative or measures, which are already in action especially in your OWN countries to impede CO2.

Apart from this, do you have any ideas? what are those measures or initiative which turned NOT sustainable? And why?

Please share your knowledge. Look forward to hear from you all!

Hi Aleš Kralj,

Thanks for your response!

Sharing here some of the intended initiatives to control CO2 by India.

Main reform are and will be under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC).

And this is to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

· National Solar Mission will be scaled up five-fold from 20 GW to 100 GW by 2022.

· Solar powered toll plazas envisaged for all toll collection booths across the country.

· National Smart Grid Mission launched for efficient transmission & distribution network.

· Green Energy Corridor projects being rolled out to ensure evacuation from renewable energy plants.

· Launched Smart Cities Mission to develop new generation cities by building a clean and sustainable environment.

· National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana launched to bring together urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation in an inclusive manner.

· Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation is a new urban renewal mission for 500 cities across India.

· Launched one-of-its kind ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ (Clean India Mission) to make country clean and litter free by 2019.

· Zero Effect, Zero Defect (ZED) with Make in India campaign to enhance energy& resource efficiency, pollution control, use of renewable energy, waste management etc.

· Formulated Green Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy to develop 140,000 km long “tree-line” along both sides of national highways.

· Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles (FAME India) to promote faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles.

· Country's first passenger vehicle fuel-efficiency standards finalized.

· Policy directive issued to use 5% bio-diesel in traction fuel in diesel locomotives.

· National Air Quality Index launched with One Number, One Color and One Description to give the status of air pollution in a particular city.

Green Generation for Clean & Energy Secure India: more than 5 times increase in Renewable Capacity from 35 GW (upto March 2015) to 175 GW by 2022.

Wind energy: the aim is to achieve a target of 60 GW of wind power installed capacity by 2022.

Solar power: The ambitious solar expansion programme seeks to enhance the capacity to 100 GW by 2022.

Biomass energy: It is envisaged to increase biomass installed capacity to 10 GW by 2022 from current capacity of 4.4 GW.

Nuclear Power: Efforts are being made to achieve 63 GW installed capacity by the year 2032, if supply of fuel is ensured.

These are the point as stated in IINDC’s (you may refer IINDC’s for more details).

I THINK to achieve it, sustainable THINKING and approach must be given higher priority.

I feel, TIME will tell the level of sustainability in the listed policies.

Best regards,