I came across this research paper stating the positive and negative effects of Branchiobdellidans on steam crayfishes (Ames 2013). Although their relationship shows a shift from parasitism to mutualism under fouling pressure, it doesn't transition to true mutualism and is only temporary. Are there other documented cases in which a shift from parasitism to true mutualism (or vice-versa) is observed?
For reference: Shifting Relationships Between Crayfish and Symbiotic Worms in Surface Water and Subterranean Environments (https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/3840)
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Article Synergy of multiple partners, including freeloaders, increas...
A good example of a shift between mutualism to parasitism depending on the context is the moth Greya politella in the US. The oxpeckers in Africa are mutualists with the antelopes when they remove ectoparasites. They become harmful to the antelopes when they peck their scabs and feed on their blood.
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