"Bad" are biofilms formed in pressure-driven membrane processes such as RO; NF; UF and MF. In these operations, they reduce the solvent (water in most cases) flux and cause bio-fouling. "Good" are biofilms formed in membrane biofilm reactors, where they are intentionally grown in order to catalyze desired reactions. Thus, they allow for combining reaction and separation steps in an integrated process, which can be advantageous in a number of cases.