Is there any reference indicate that the early supplementation may decrease milk production due to less frequent breastfeeding, developing breastfeeding difficulties, reduced maternal breastfeeding confidence, and perceived insufficient milk supply?
The Cochrane systemic review (recently updated) did not find any random control trials that looked at any of these outcome - unfortunately. The studies found focused on early infant outcomes.
There are many observational studies that found associations between early supplements are early cessation of breastfeeding. Consider which comes first - is supplement use a marker for breastfeeding/confidence difficulties? Why is the supplement first given? Some UK research about 10 years ago (small scale associated with the BFI) found if there was a specific medical reason for the supplementation and this reason was discussed with the mother there were less negative effects on breastfeeding than supplementation without medical reason.
I might be able to be more helpful if you explained a bit more what you were looking for and why, e.g. to develop hospital policy or practice, doing a literature review to find a research gap to fill, etc
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006462.pub3/abstract
Thank you Genevieve. I am writing a manuscript entitled "Breastfeeding practices during the first month postpartum and associated factors in a sample of Iranian mothers: Impact on breastfeeding survival". Traditionally, Iranian mothers introduce sugar water and herbal teas during the first week. The proportion of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in our study was 33% and 53%.
I have read your abstract in which you mentioned the sequence of supplementation.to... perceived insufficient milk supply. I couldn't find any reference for those sequence to cite in the introduction section. Thank you again
Common reason for introduction of artificial formula given by the mother is insufficient milk and poor weight gain, in most of the cases the reason is incorrect
The common reason for introduction of formula in our country is rapid urban migration, no family support for the nuclear family and easy access to the formula feeding
Early introduction of formula or glucose solution reducts breastfeeding rates and duration. Citation from my paper ( Factors Associated with the Duration of Breastfeeding in the Freiburg Birth Collective, Germany (FreiStill), R. Rasenack1, C. Schneider1, E. Jahnz1, J. Schulte-Mönting2, H. Prömpeler1, M. Kunze1 Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2012; 72: 64–69 ): "The breastfeeding situation on the first postpartal day has a considerable influence upon the duration of breastfeeding. Women who, following birth, can nourish their babies on the breast alone frequently breastfeed their children for longer than six months. When glucose solution is orally administered in addition, the percentage of children breastfed over a longer time is lower. With formula supplementation nutrition the percentage of children breastfed longer than six months declines significantly." More literature with the same result: Haggkvist AP, Brantsaeter AL, Grjibovski AM et al. Prevalence of breast-feeding in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and health service-related correlates of cessation of full breast-feeding. Public Health Nutr; 13: 2076-2086, Declercq E, Labbok MH, Sakala C et al. Hospital practices and women's likelihood of fulfilling their intention to exclusively breastfeed. Am J Public Health 2009; 99: 929-935, DiGirolamo AM, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB. Effect of maternity-care practices on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2008; 122 Suppl 2: S43-49
thank you Regina
The results of these papers were similar to mine. I added them.
Dear Forough, If you can tell me which part of my paper you are referring to I may be able to give you further references.
Dear Genevieve
I have read only the abstract of your paper. The part is:
"Human milk provides for growth, protection and development for babies. It is important to the health of the mother. Exclusive breastfeeding is an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type, including no water, juice, non-human milk or foods. The effect of early supplementation may include decreased milk production due to reduced removal of milk from the breast, difficulties in developing effective breastfeeding and reduced confidence in the ability to breastfeed. Despite widespread recommendations supporting exclusive breastfeeding for six months, practice often does not appear to reflect these recommendations, thus suggesting there are perceived benefits from supplementation... .."
Dear Forough. I think the details including the references you seek are in the full publication I quoted in my first answer. Abstracts do not allow space for any of the background details to be given. If you click my name in Research Gate, go to publications and press request publication I will send it to you.
You may find useful references in some of the protocols of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine www.bfmed.org and other international guidelines. Many references depending on if you are approaching the topic from physiology (supplements fill up baby so doesn't breastfeed so milk not removed means more is not made) or confusion with flow of milk from bottle versus breast, or sociology/psychology of confidence etc. There is large amounts of papers stating what practices exist - we need more research on how to effectively change practices and sustain the good practices.