What was the treatment? It sounds like some phytohormone application or some agent that affects phytohormone expression in the plant. As such it seems as if this is your treatment effect unless something else (e.g. amount of water accumulated on the medium) was different between your treatments.
It seems your plants lost water after the treatment causing loss of Turgor pressure. Loss of turgor can decrease the mechanical strength of the plant, which might result in your symptoms. You can try to measure relative water content (RWC) of the leaves after the treatment to see if this issue is caused by water loss.
The difference in control and treated groups was the presence of nanoparticles in the media. Seedlings were germinated in the darkness and had very small leaves.
Researches have shown that some nanoparticles are toxic to the plants, especially the seedlings. You may want to make sure there is no over-dose of your nanoparticles in the media.
If you just added the nanoparticles to the medium you can measure amount of phytohormones (may be altered distribution in different parts due to transport interruption) , water content (as suggested by Andre and Baris), amount s of K+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions, lignin, hydrocarbons, loss of electrolyte by plant tissues, plant morphology, etc. If you germinate seeds under light you can measure chlorophyll.
I would do such test first in plant cell suspension culture.