i use 3 gr graphite H2SO4 120ml H3PO4 13,3 (9:1) and i varying KMnO4 10gr 15gr and 20gr with time process 3 hour (2 hour stirrer graphite H2so4 and H3PO4 temp 97 degg ) and 30 minutes adding slowly KMnO4 in ice bed and 30 minute stirring at a temperature of 47 so that the solution does not thicken. 5 hour (3 hour stirrer graphite H2so4 and H3PO4 ) and 1 hour adding slowly KMnO4 in ice bed and 1 hour stirring at a temperature of 47 . 8 hour (4 hour stirrer graphite H2so4 and H3PO4 ) and 2 hour adding slowly KMnO4 in ice bed and 2 hour stirring at a temperature of 47 . The question is
The high probability of adding KMnO4 to the hummers rate method
and the stirring 10.15, 20 gr on 3gr graphite. Can you get a better graphe oxide?
because my peak results show adding KMnO4 15 gr 2thetha is the best (10 and 42 deg).
process time of 3.5.8 hours can affect? because I get the results according
to the literature at the addition of 15 gr KMn04 and the best time is
5 hours,can the long synthesis time affect the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide?
because my GO by adding 15 gr time 8 hour the peak (12,23 and 42deg) was different
I'd appreciate it if you'd help me.
KMnO4 is an oxidizing agent. If con. of KMnO4 very then it will affect the preparation of GO. If you will change the stirring time from 5 to 12 hour you will get better results. I have prepared GO with stirring of 12 hour. Also got accurate results.
The precursor amounts are more or less appropriate. Increase stirring time and exfoliation process, also note the final pH of the material. You may have a look at this article:
Article Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4:4806-4814
My answer is yes, concentration and time are very significant parameters during the scale-up process. I agree with Gourav and Souvik.
Varing the condition obviously changes the out comes
The thing is if we have appratuses sensitive enough to sense the change!
Potassium permanganate affects the formation of the nanocomposite because it is an oxidizing agent
Qadoori Z. Khalaf the function of KMnO4 for oxidizing agents why do my results show a decrease when adding the concentration from 15 gr to 20 gr KMnO4 (in fig 2)? do you have a journal about it?
Omkar S. Kushwaha Do you have any references about the effect of adding KMnO4 and the length of time for synthesis, because the results I get are different
15 gram-8 jam XRD pattern is for sure belongs to r-GO.....the reduced graphene oxide.
Qadoori Z. Khalaf Can the addition of excess potassium permanganate make the solution difficult to oxidize because the more KMnO4 is added, the more side products such as MnO (the impurity produced) are more likely? so that the peak of 8 hours 20 grams of oxidation is not perfect, is that so sir? i am using logic because i haven't found a reference yet
Qadoori Z. Khalaf Can the addition of excess potassium permanganate make the solution difficult to oxidize because the more KMnO4 is added, the more side products such as MnO (the impurity produced) are more likely? so that the peak of 8 hours 20 grams of oxidation is not perfect, is that so sir? i am using logic because i haven't found a reference yet
15 gram-5 gram XRD pattern is belongs to GO (2theta around 10 degree diffraction (001))
15 gram-8 jam XRD pattern is belongs to be reduced graphene oxide (diffraction peak (002) 2theta around 25 degree)
Longer Stirring process(3-2 hours) of conc acids with 3g of graphite is most suitable with higher temperatures (95c). Because to get more intercalated graphite with acid. I think the KMno4 addition should be done in lower temperatures below than 20c therefor slowly add.(with in one hour) addition time period should be optimum , because longer the process it tend to other side reactions of Mn and also graphene oxide. I think the ratio between graphite and KMnO4, 1:5 is the best.
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