Porosity property is one of the key factors affecting the thermal insulation quality of materials. Thus, the effective porosity was determined on dry cubic samples (71x71x71 mm3 of dimensions). The tested specimens were firstly oven-dried at 105 ± 5 ◦C until they reached constant weight and then immersed in water for 24 h. The effective porosity was measured by assessing the volume of water displaced by specimens using the following expression:
ηeff = 100 × ((Vapp - Vw)/Vapp)
ηeff is the effective porosity, in %, Vapp is the apparent volume of samples, in m3, Vw is the volume, in m3, of water absorbed by the open pores