Transforming Holographic-Universe Theory Into Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry
The holographic principle was first proposed by Gerard 't Hooft. It was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind who said, “The three-dimensional (3D) world of ordinary experience––the universe filled with galaxies, stars, planets, houses, boulders, and people––is a hologram, an image of reality coded on a … two-dimensional (2D) surface." The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence, first proposed by Juan Maldacena in late 1997. In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories. On one side are anti-de Sitter spaces (AdS) which are used in theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT) which are quantum field theories, including theories similar to the Yang–Mills theories that describe elementary particles.
A 3D cube can be regarded as an image of reality coded on a 2D surface (a projection from a square). The cubic shape would be a linear projection resulting from adding, in one direction, multiple layers of the information in the square. The 2D square would be a nonlinear (angular) projection resulting from adding 4 lines, each one being separated from those adjoining it by 90 degrees. A one-dimensional line is a set of points obeying a linear relationship. A point’s an exact position or location. It’s important to understand that a point is not a thing, but a place. It possesses zero size and no matter how far we zoomed in, it’d remain dimensionless with no width. Instead of programming a set of points to follow a straight line, suppose they’re represented curvilinearly as a waveform described by Fourier analysis or v=f(lambda).
The plane figure with 4 lines - a square or other parallelogram – could then have a pair of intersecting sides represent the vector of photons and the vector of gravitons i.e. electromagnetic (EM) waves and gravitational (G) waves. The momentum of interacting photons and gravitons would produce a pressure identified as mass (this interaction would be similar to a gravitational field refracting passing light, or the pressure of sunlight propelling the mass of solar sails).
Also, interacting photons and gravitons produce the quantum spin of the produced mass e.g. the photon’s quantum spin of 1 could interact with the graviton’s quantum spin of 2 to create one divided by two (½ is the spin of every particle of matter).
Another example is photonic spin 1 could inversely interact with gravitonic spin 2 to create two divided by one (2/1 is the spin of particles comprising the gravitational field of massive black holes).
Referring to the two above examples – When William Rowan Hamilton devised quaternions back in 1843, he defined them as the quotient of two vectors. So, matter particles and black holes can both be described by quaternions.
Yet another example is – spin 1 means the particle has to be turned round completely (360 degrees) to look the same. Spin 2 means the particle has to be turned 180 degrees to look the same. What happens if time reversal is incorporated into this interaction of particles in space? The photon’s complete spin of 1 is added to the graviton’s half spin of 180 degrees then the graviton’s time reversal subtracts half a spin. This gives 1+1/2-1/2 which equals the spin of the strong nuclear force’s gluon as well as the spin of the weak force’s W and Z bosons.
An intriguing fact is that matter particles need to be completely turned round twice (720 degrees) to look the same. And a Mobius strip has to be travelled around twice to reach the start. Does this imply that the hard and solid objects we touch daily are actually immaterial things composed of the Mobius and its topological mathematics?
Should the time reversal above be confirmed experimentally, it means gravitation and electromagnetism are the only truly fundamental forces. The strong and weak forces are products of G and EM. Also, the Higgs boson and field would not be responsible for generation of mass. The two parallelogram lines depicting the gravitational vector and electromagnetic vector would have graviton-photon interaction displayed by the diagonal of the parallelogram. The scalar Higgs boson may be positioned as a point on this diagonal because tensor calculus changes the coordinates of the vectors and diagonal into those of the Higgs (relating the Higgs field to the supposedly unrelated gravitational field). When the mass produced is 125 GeV/c^2 and the quantum spin is zero, Higgs is the result.
Perhaps it was concluded that the Higgs is responsible for mass because the calculations of Peter Higgs and others go a significant part of the way to the conclusions of Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry and its parallelogram. But the connection with gravitation (and electromagnetism) was overlooked. Interestingly, these two forces were suggested as playing a role in the formation of elementary particles – and, as it turns out, in the formation of the nuclear forces not discovered until the 1930s - in a 1919 paper published by Albert Einstein.
A 3D cube isn't an illustration of the holographic correspondence.
The spin of the particles that describe the gravitational field of black holes is 2-they're gravitons.
That spin-1/2 particles behave differently under rotations than spin-0,1 and 2 particles doesn't have anything to do with the correspondence.
Vector-Tensor-Scalar geometry is part of the geometry of supergravity, which turns out to be a better way of studying its properties.
And, No, the strong and weak interactions can't be expressed in terms of electromagnetism and gravity. It took some time to understand that elecrtomagnetism and the weak interactions are parts of a bigger picture-for which the Higgs plays a role; how it might be possible to include therein the strong interactions isn't known. All three make sense in flat spacetime; when gravity is taken into account, only the energy-momentum tensor of matter matters.
Can neutrino oscillations account for the strong or weak interaction or both?
For neither. Neutrino oscillations can occur without any interactions-they're a property of free, relativistic particles and express the fact that, if flavor oscillations do occur, then flavor eigenstates can't all have the same mass.
That's how, once neutrino oscillations were observed, the consequence was that neutrinos can't be massless, since, if all neutrino flavors were massless, flavor oscillations couldn't occur at all.
Neutrinos do have only weak interactions, however.
If you don’t just copy the ideas of others and try to think a bit independently you will notice that Leonard Susskind’s interpretation of the holographic principle makes sense if he throws away his concept of space as a homogeneous (Euclidean) space. Because Susskind’s mathematical induced interpretation of physical reality describes that energy is equal to 2 dimensional surface area.
However, this is not new because the 2D origin of energy was already described by Einstein in his formula E = m c2. Thus it is reasonable to conclude that space itself has a structure (space is “quantized”). That means that the volume of every unit of the structure of quantized space is invariant and the mutual changes between the units of quantized space are changes in surface area (that means that the shape of every unit is deformable). The consequence is that every unit of quantized space is a topological object that represents a homeomorphism because all the units together tessellate the volume of the universe.
Next you want to transform the holographic theory into a description with the help of vector/tensor/scalar geometry. But you have to realize that a tensor isn’t fundamental. Because a tensor is a mixture of vector/scalar properties. That means that the concept of a tensor cannot be used at the smallest scale size of physical reality because a tensor has no singular properties (forget curved spacetime because that is a model about macroscopic objects).
Anyway you want to describe quantized space with the help of vectors, scalars and… topology. Because you cannot describe the mutual changes of the shapes of invariant volumes – volumes with identical basic properties – without topology. The consequence is that the volume of every unit of quantized space represents properties that can be distinguished. Thus there is a scalar field (Higgs field), a vector field (magnetic field) and a topological field (universal electric field).
However, this is in line with the general description of physical reality with the help of quantum field theory (QFT). So what is it that you are trying to "construct"?
With kind regards, Sydney
P.S.
You can argue that the electric field shows tensor properties. However, what determines these tensor properties? The universe as an all-inclusive volume with a structure that has also a vector field and a scalar field, will "force" the remaining electric field to reflect scalar and vector properties. Because the basic quantum fields interact with each other continuously.
Thank you highly Dr. Stam Nicolis with your expert precise answers extending to appreciating Dr. Rodney Bartlett generalization questionaire as well as physics perspectives Dr. Sydney Grimm have provided on the ongoing figuring out these important steps with physical mathematics.
Presently I like if I might ask follow-up questions about neutrino oscillations, that is, whether neutrino oscillations play a key role in matter antimatter asymmetry. Thereby, will that solve the CPT problem, at least in part?
Dear Rajan Iyer
Sorry, my knowledge about the neutrino oscillations is nothing.
The matter-antimatter asymmetry is related to the “preferred” direction of a rotational resultant motion of all the quanta transfer in the universe under influence of gravitation as a vector force (not Einstein’s model of curved spacetime). Actually it is the freedom of transfer in every direction of the quantum of energy that is affected.
We are aware of its existence in star systems, planetary disks like the dust disks of Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn and Neptune. But the accretion disk and both jets of a black hole have the same origin. If there is no dust/matter around we don’t observe the rotational motion of all the energy transfer in vacuum space. But it is still there. The consequence is that vacuum space isn’t symmetrical for every influence in our present universe. Without matter in the universe the situation is totally different.
With kind regards, Sydney
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