I strongly recommend you to take all the samples along the river under investigation in the same day. For instance, if you are investigating a reach long 2 km, you should take samples in these 2 km in the same day. In this way you will avoid to introduce external factors, which could misleading your results.
Hi, for chemical physical conditions of a river u need to decide area u want to cover based on that u can plan for weekly or fortnightly sampling of water for a period about 6 months or year then only u can conclude with fantastic results.
It is always better to collect all the water samples within the study area on the same day, so as to avoid any type of external disturbance like rainfall; effluent discharge into the river; etc., on the subsequent days.