Dear Varun Vyas,

As far as I know there are no any electrolytes for titanium electrodeposition from aqueous solutions due to Ti compounds properties.

Hope that will be helpful to you

Dear Valerii Kotok,

Thanks for the feedback. I am aware of that but I found the following from another forum but  I am not sure if anyone has used them -

Titanium electroplating from water-based solutions and also from non-aqueous solutions.

Recipe 1:

70 gm sodium metatitanate

30 gm sodium acetate

30 gm sodium hydroxide

1 lit. water, 30-70 °C, 1-5 A/dm2

Recipe 2:

100 gm Ti(OH)2

40 gm HCl

100 gm NH4Cl

water 1 lit.,pH 4-5,30-50 °C, 3-4 A/dm2

Recipe 3.:

30 gm Ti( in form of TiCl3 or TiI3)

200 ml toluene 0,02 % pitch(?)

800 ml ethyl alcohol

18 °C, 21 A/dm2,graphite anode

All from Russian book L.I.Kadaner:Galvanostegija (electroplating handbook), Kiev 1964.

Do you think Recipe 2 or 3 will work.

Thanks...

Dear Varun Vyas,

I would like to apologize, I was not right. I have checked several books and have found the next conditions for titanium plating from aqueous electrolytes (see below). Furthermore, I have checked the reference that you provide and can't find electrolytes for Ti-plating (but I have book published in 1974):

100 g/l - Ti(OH)4

40-50 g/l - HCl

100-120 g/l - NH₄Cl

pH 4,5 - 5,0

t=30 - 500 C

i(cat)=3-4 A/dm2

Anode: Graphite or Pt

Also it was mentioned that 2 advises: 1) Ti plating can be used for metals that have high overpotential for hydrogen evolution (Zn, Al, Pb) thus you should cover your steel by the Zn and after by Ti

2) It was recommended to use multilayered plating to have final plating without pores

3) It was recommended to use pulsed current with 3 pauses in 1 sec.

4) As for recipe 3, I think for steel it more appropriate

Ref: M. A. Belenkiy and A. F. Ivanov. Electrodeposition of metallic plating (Электроосаждение металлических покрытий). Moscow, Metallurgy, 1985

PS Also in book was mentioned and recipe 1

Hope, it will be useful for you.

PPS Do not forget pretreatment: 1) degreasing (by ethyl alcohol) 2) etching in HCl 50 g/l  time is depend from steel type (approx 10 - 30 sec).

Dear Valerii,

Thank you so much for all the details and looking into literature.... I had no idea about pretreatment.

I also came to same conclusion, that recipe 3 should work better with steel. It will take us some time to get things going, will let you know how it goes....

Thanks....

what about deposition by using ionic liquids as solvents?