Prof. Vivek Kumar Sharma

Thank you for the question, effectively very recently was claimed that hexagonal 2D graphene atomic arrays can forms an special type of superconductors *

* https://physicsworld.com/a/bogolons-make-graphene-superconducting/

They call the new quasiparticles Bogolons, and they formulate a theory about them.

My first claim to that blog is to refine a little the story they tell about the Academician Prof. N. Bogolyubov who was a mathematician and a theoretical physicist, both careers.

• Among his main contributions to physics are in the Bogoliuvob-Valatin transformations that allow to diagonalize and find solutions for the BCS theory of Cooper pairs, and also to the superfluid He4 isotope case.
• Also, a very important contribution was the approximations to the kinetic equation many particles collision term, the so-called the BBGKY hierarchy (Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy).

Now we go back to the blog *, Bose-Einstein condensation means that all particles at T = 0 K are localized in the same point according to the Bose-Einstein distribution that we study in statistical physics courses for integer spins.

The existence of superconducting pairs mediated by Bogolons is the claim they make, however for me is not clear too much about the mediation to attract electrons by means of those Bogolons.

It looks clear from the post, that the ground state of metallic graphene (with the Dirac cone zero point) should be almost for T -> 0 K, which is in agreement with the 3rd thermodynamic law, the Nernst theorem since those Bogolons should have minimum entropy as T ---> 0 K

Best Regards.

Prof. Vivek Kumar Sharma

I traced the discovery of Bogolons to a paper in 2010, the authors conclude the following, I unquote here:

• "... the pole in the operator determines the phonon–roton excitation spectrum identical to the one discovered by Bogolyubov for collective excitations in He4..."

which seems coherent according to their findings.

Article Coexistence of ``bogolons'' and the single-particle excitati...

Best Regards. Interesting question.

There are no doubt about that superconductivity achieve on very low temperature.. But what is the relation between low temperature and the hexagonal structure and quasiparticle generation. The honeycomb follow the Golden ratio or Fibonacci series (hexagonal structure) and the flower also follow the Fibonacci series (hexagonal structure ) by which honeybee collect the nectar.

Well, Prof. Vivek Kumar Sharma

As far as I remember, UPt3 is a superconducting heavy Fermion with a very low temperature (Tc ~ 0.5 K) and 2 antiferromagnetic magnetic spin fluctuation phases, that could give an instructive premier to start looking for your answer in such a case, since it belongs to the point group, the hexagonal D6h.

Huxley, A., Rodière, P., Paul, D. et al. Realignment of the flux-line lattice by a change in the symmetry of superconductivity in UPt3. Nature 406, 160–164 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35018020

Please also looks at page 6 of:

Article Unconventional Superconductivity

For the point group symmetry in UPt3 which is D6h please look at this great research article by Prof. Sauls (he also notices the strong spin-orbit coupling):

Article The Order Parameter for the Superconducting Phases of UPt$_3

http://eolus.phys.northwestern.edu/publications/jas54/jas54.pdf

Also, look, Prof. Robert Joynt and Louis Taillefer review the notice that Tc ~0.5 K

Article The Order Parameter for the Superconducting Phases of UPt$_3

Best Regards.

Superfluid or Superconductor

Chiral UPt3 Nematic

Excitations of Fermion surface scattering ( Andreev) of quasi particle

Transportation of heat

Mirror Symmetry , Angular Momentum , Edge currents , Spectrum

Heavy Fermion Isotropic Super conductor UPt3

repulsive forces between the flux line would cause hexagonal structure

Thank you for the answer, Prof. Vivek Kumar Sharma

For me, UPt3 is a heavy Fermion unconventional bulk superconductor, a metallic bulk heavy Fermion alloy with Uranium and Platinum. A "chiral UPt3 nematic" probably is a liquid crystal that still is in theory a hot and novel topic but experiments don't show that, since I don't have access to any journal more than open-access ones, haven't seen any experimental data confirmation of theses quantum novel phases.

I saw the data confirmation of unconventional superconducting UPt3 properties in bulk samples, I had some of it in my hands around the 2000s, the jump in the elastic constants C11, the 2 superconducting phases in the bulk superconducting ultrasound attenuation, and the specific heat, but I did not see any nematicity property (which by the way is a classical free energy model in liquid crystals, the nematic liquid crystals).

There is an incommensurable vector q needed for the antiferromagnetic phase, that is true, probably that is what now researchers call nematic order? please see:

Article Ginzburg-Landau model of hexagonal superconductors: Applicat...

Best Regards.

Dear Professor P. Contreras ,

Thanks for participation and share the valuable information about the superconductors like graphene . As per the discussion the fermion excitation and scattering of quasiparticle and the transportation of heat provide the answers . because at the low temperature and highest pressure how the events would take place those work on high temperature and low pressure like collision of particles , gravity , magnetic field and electromagnetic field and further creations of objects. By this analysis we can also start the thinking before the Big Bang events.

Regards

Dear Dr Vivek Kumar Sharma . See the following useful RG link: Article Graphene Research and their Outputs: Status and Prospect

Kindly see also the following useful RG link: Article Harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons to probe the elec...

Also check please the following good RG link: Article Electronic Structure of Graphene and Germanene Based on Doub...

The following RG link is also very good: Preprint Electronic structure of graphene-nanoribbons on hexagonal bo...

You are most welcome Prof. Vivek Kumar Sharma there is one point I did not mention, mostly because I never worked on it, that is fractional statistics in CM.

Bose-Einstein and Fermi Dirac Quantum Statistics govern the 3D microscopic world from subatomic particles from almost T ---> 0K (Nernst's 3rd law) to the behavior of matter at room temperature. For example, bosons and fermions exhibit different behaviors: bosons like to stay in the same ground state while fermions stay in different states.

But I forgot to tell you that there is a 3rd quantum statistic for other quasiparticles that have been hypothesized: Anyons (also Qubits and others). They are Fractional Quantum Statistics of quasiparticles in 2D (Wilczek, 1982, *) that have characteristics not seen in bosons or fermions.

If I recall well, they are called anyons because particles may obey any statistics, adopting any quantum phase when exchanging position [*].

Thank you so much for the interesting discussion, I appreciate it. I will try to check what about then in hexagonal 2D structures.

[*] Introduction to Fractional Statistics in Two Dimensions. In: Anyons. Lecture Notes in Physics Monographs, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1992.