A theoretical framework is (usually) an integral part of research in social sciences, including education. It is often placed in the introduction section of a research paper. However, should it be placed in the introduction section or methodology section?
Cresswell (2014) suggests that 'research methodology' refers broadly to the philosophical and theoretical perspectives that frame research methods, approaches, and designs. Somekh and Lewin (2005, p. 346) also argue that research methodology is "the collection of methods or rules by which a particular piece of research is undertaken" as well as the "principles, theories, and values that underpin a particular approach to research." Mackenzie and Knipe (2006, p. 5), also state that “methodology is the overall approach to research linked to the paradigm or theoretical framework while the method refers to systematic modes, procedures or tools used for collection and analysis of data.” These views suggest therefore, that a theoretical framework is part of the broader research methodology which should be used to guide, frame, and explain the entire research study. As colleagues at my former university would say, "a theoretical framework is a lens through which the entire study is viewed".
Given these views, where should a theoretical framework be placed? I argue, as demonstrated in a paper submitted recently, that it should be part of the Research Methodology section. This way, researchers can demonstrate coherently how the theoretical framework inform their methods, and approaches, including sampling, data collection and data analysis as well as interpretation of the results.
Alternatively, the question could be: is it wrong (I use the term "wrong" deliberately), to place the theoretical framework in the methodology section?
Hello Lindelani Mnguni,
Could it be relevant to think that the theoretical framework is (at least partially) a result from the literature review?
It is also possible to consider the theoretical framework a part of background.
Regards,
Theoretical framework is basically drawn once the Research Questions are presented after the Literature Review. So, in most of the cases, it is argued that framework should be presented after LR. Now, it can be presented after LR as a separate section or in Methodology section. It all depends upon the purpose of the study whether testing the theory or developing it
My usual structure for a paper in the field of Mathematics Education (so, Social Sciences) is:
1. Introduction + research questions/objectives.
2. Theoretical framework.
3. Method.
4. Results.
5. Discussion + conclusions.
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