The SrTiO3 ceramics, the XPS spectra of Ti 2p gave satellite peak the binding energy value at 460.2eV. This satellite peak what represent the valence state of titanium like Ti3+ 0r Ti4+ ? can this satellite peak give information combine valence state of titanium like Ti3+ and Ti4+?
Dear Aimal,
something at 460eV can be Ti2+ or 3+, it depends a little bit on your energy callibration. In my case for SrTiO3 (see appended), the chemical shifts (counted from 4+) are about 2eV for Ti3+ and about 4 eV for Ti2+.
This might help too: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0368204806000107
best
l.
Additional possibility to detect and to apply satellites in XPS for an identification of oxides. It is very valuable paper. Hope it will be useful. In the attached paper there is no titanium but, nevertheless, the common important possibility of extending the XPS method with alternative X-Ray sources is shown.
Regards,
Dmitry
The peak at about 460 eV is attributed to the core level Ti2p3/2 (not a sattelite!) of Ti(+4) state. See our recent paper on TiO2:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275156886_Effect_of_substrate_temperature_on_the_arrangement_of_ultra-thin_TiO2_films_grown_by_a_dc-magnetron_sputtering_deposition
Article Effect of substrate temperature on the arrangement of ultra-...
Dear Saulius,
your paper is very interesting in this context but about TiO2 and not SrTiO3. You may agree that both are essentially different in screening (compare the dielectric constants). As a result, you see from my reference above, that the whole core-levels are different > 1 eV shifted between SrTiO3 and TiO2.
best
l.
Dear Lenart,
namely for this reason the peak of Ti2p3/2 is at 460 eV, whereas in TiO2 (as in our paper) it is at about 459 eV. Ti(+3) and Ti(+2) have much lower BE values in both compounds.
Dear Saulius,
beside that I question most energy calibrations (also my own), I find it then interesting that in my reference above, SrTiO3 has a lower BE than TiO2.
However, I think you have a different interpretation of the question than I: Aimal above speaks of a satellite. We both, of course, do not know his spectra. If Aimals "satellite" is interpreted correct by me as a "satellite" in the sense of "satellite" and not strictly hanging onto your binding energies (Au 4f?), I think it could be Ti2+ or Ti3+ from the Ti2p1/2. I think, you interpret his spectrum only having one peak at 460? Hach, we will never know until he posts his spectrum...
best
l.
@Saulius Kaciulis, Can you please send me the link of the paper that you have mentioned above ?
Article Effect of substrate temperature on the arrangement of ultra-...
the link
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