On Water Risks & Water Security in the Arid region. See the book "Besbes, M.; Chahed, J.; Hamdane, A. (2014). Sécurité hydrique de la Tunisie, Gérer l'eau en conditions de pénurie. Ed. L'Harmattan". Chapters are available within the references of the present project: https://www.researchgate.net/project/SHT-Securite-Hydrique-de-la-Tunisie-Tunisias-Water-Security

Unfortunately, we do not have yet the right to share the updated English version of the book:

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A. (2019). National water security: Case study of an arid country: Tunisia. Springer International Publishing.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356907618_National_Water_Security_Case_Study_of_an_Arid_Country_Tunisia

The National Security Conceptual Model has been generalized to arid and semi-arid countries and in particular to the Maghreb countries:

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A. (2019). Food and water management in Northwest Africa. The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society, 426.

To be requested on: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Scientific_Watch_on_Water_Scarcity_IndicatorsPublisher: Allan, T., Bromwich, B., Keulertz, M., & Colman, A. (Eds.)

French version available on:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357016786_Securite_hydrique_et_securite_alimentaire_dans_la_region_de_l'Afrique_du_Nord-Ouest

Related topics are discussed within the following threads: https://www.researchgate.net/post/National_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries https://www.researchgate.net/post/Water_Footprint_Water_Colors_Blue_Water_Green_Water_Grey_Water_Virtual_Water https://www.researchgate.net/post/Scientific_Watch_on_Water_Scarcity_IndicatorsPublisher: Allan, T., Bromwich, B., Keulertz, M., & Colman, A. (Eds.)

Join the "Middle East Green Initiative" and start replanting native trees, plus the wildflowers and native grasses underneath. The native plants will help insulate the soil and change the dew point, so that when moisture goes over, it creates rainfall instead of high humidity. See the opening session on You Tube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QO8PcbxOu0Y

The plan for the 24 countries is to plant 50 BILLION trees, and the Saudis started last year at the rate of one million PER WEEK.

The Saudis are also going to do cloud seeding, which you hear in the opening statement by His Majesty the Prince of Saudi Arabia, and I would recommend that also.

Also, set aside million of hectares of the barren desert, to do the replanting of the natives, as "Ecological Restoration Preserves" which the Saudis did in 2010 when they set aside 200 million hectares for that purpose, where no grazing was ever allowed in the future.

Read my 2002 proposal that got the Saudi government to start this process at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool.html

Ultimately, the concept should be, that the native plants sequester carbon, that produce carbon credits, that are then used to sell oil to Europe that is already Carbon Neutral, like when Occidental Petroleum soil 2 million barrels to India that way, with Carbon Offsets.

Louis Pasteur: "We drink 90% of our illnesses". This recent paper demonstrates by the example of Sudan [1], the sanitary importance of urban water. This example shows that the issue of "Water Security" should be raised as a matter of "National Security" concern. The findings of this research are in this respect edifying particularly in defining a Drinking Water Security Index (DWSI). One may read at the very end of the conclusion: "These findings may provide important information for policy makers and stakeholders in the health and water sectors in Sudan to improve public health and better prepare for future climatic changes. Future similar studies aimed at optimizing the EmONC network, and particularly in the drier countries of the Sahel, could benefit from additional insight coming from DWSI"

[1] Simonin, V., Vaghefi, S. A., Abdelgadir, Z. M., Eltayeb, D., Sidahmed, M. A. M., Monet, J. P., & Ray, N. (2022). Present and Future Drinking Water Security and its Impacts on Maternities: A Multi-scale Assessment of Sudan. Preprint available on:

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202210.0461/download/final_file

See also references within the references on the following Project (10 Chapters) https://www.researchgate.net/project/Urban-Hydrology-and-Hydraulics-Hydrologie-et-Hydraulique-urbaines

The Water Security and Sustainable Development Hub is a five-year project improving water security for a resilient future. This kind of alternative academic approach is in a position to make concrete progress in multidisciplinary participative programs for sustainable resource management "water resource" for instance

Water security – a sustainable and adequate quantity and quality of water – is essential to human life, food and energy security, health and well-being, and economic prosperity. Yet nearly eighty percent of the world’s population live in areas where water security is thwarted by pressures such as climate change, conflict, ecosystem damage, extreme weather, gender inequalities, land degradation, over-abstraction, pollution, poor governance and uncontrolled urbanisation. The Hub brings together an international team to address these threats and contribute towards achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).

See more on:

https://www.watersecurityhub.org/