Dear Zoltán,

The use of salt as well as to cure the negative effects of salt consumption on human organism, are both very profitable businesses. Long time ago I read that the quantity of water sold in meat products was several billon GBP a year in UK. Salt (NaCl) is used to increase the water content of meat products. You can remember what kind of watery products you can buy in the market. Do not buy salted meat at all.    

A perfect question to a world which is always less interested in Basic Research but always more in Profit Research.

This is rather a moral problem, because the necessary knowledge exists already, but isn't used by health scientists. Opposite this, it's used by the big food industry - for extra profit, because the sodium-induced disorder causes wasting of energy (causes energy deficit), and this deficit generates hunger. And the highly salted foods cause thirst - this is also a source of extra profit. Likewise, the more patients = extra profit for the big pharma industry. And more premature deaths = less pensioner = savings at the pension costs.

But to go on this way further - the irresponsibility of the health scientists guides the humanity into the decay. Necessary a radical and urgent change, before it's not too late. But how? This is the question. Unfortunately, the ignorance and the wrong education are global problems. Awesome that the elite of the health sciences do not show the will to act. The three monkeys syndrome (hear no truth, see no truth, speak no truth) is a fatal disorder.

On 14 Aug 2012 I wrote here:

Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Human Obesity

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0040503

in my comment < We eat a lot because of the much salt. >

"Some consequences of high sodium intake

(The specialists talk about these rarely or never):

1. bigger and longer hunger stimulus - we overeat

2. we drink many sugary soft drinks - we get fat

3. we get tired soon, we move little

4. higher energy requirements for Na-K pump, and kidney

5. all the rest of our vital processes receive less energy (because the metabolic rate - speed and capacity of enzyme reactions - is limited)

6. all of our vital processes work worse.

7. we get sick often, and We will die soon.

= Extra profit in food and pharmaceutical industry

and health services, and savings in the pension funds."

A new article of Pontzer et al. in Current Biology:

Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans

http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)01577-8

The figure 1 is very important,

and here my 3 comments:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292208779_Constrained_Total_Energy_Expenditure_and_Metabolic_Adaptation_to_Physical_Activity_in_Adult_Humans

And this is also a new article in International Journal of Epidemiology, interesting, but lack of real science:

Why do we think we know what we know? A metaknowledge analysis of the salt controversy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295077608_Why_do_we_think_we_know_what_we_know_A_metaknowledge_analysis_of_the_salt_controversy

And the real science is only in my comment.

Article Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptatio...

Article Why do we think we know what we know? A metaknowledge analys...

Before the industrial revolution the salt was (very) expensive. The bread was baked without added salt. The natural sodium content of wheat flour is approximately 20 mg/kg. Now in Hungary the upper limit of salt in bread is 25 g/kg (in dried matter). This is 490 times higher sodium, compared with bread, eating by parents or grandparents of Sandor Petofi. Astonishing irresponsibility! I bake bread for myself, with zero salt.

Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus 1-3/81-1 Certain bread and bakery products

http://www.omgk.hu/Mekv/1/13811_2012.pdf

The History of the Salt Wars

James Dinicolantonio, James H. O’Keefe

The American journal of medicine  May 2017

DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.04.040

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317126117_The_History_of_the_Salt_Wars

With my comment.

But where is the history of the true science of salt?

(241)

Article The History of the Salt Wars

The URL of

Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus 1-3/81-1 Certain bread and bakery products

was changed. New working URL:

https://elelmiszerlanc.kormany.hu/download/4/54/b1000/1-3_81-1_2012.pdf

Torben Clausen: Quantification of Na+,K+ pumps and their transport rate in skeletal muscle: Functional significance.

Journal of General Physiology 2013, 142 (4): 327 Published Online: 30 September, 2013 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201310980 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257250311 http://jgp.rupress.org/content/142/4/327

From the article: "The activity of the Na+,K+ pump depends on ATP SUPPLIED by GLYCOLYSIS or OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. Excitability of isolated rat soleus or EDL muscles can be maintained in the presence of the electron transport inhibitor cyanide or during anoxia (Murphy and Clausen, 2007; Fredsted et al., 2012), whereas contractions are markedly suppressed by 2-deoxyglucose, which interferes with the production of glycolytic ATP. Thus, in keeping with the studies of Glitsch (2001), these data SUGGEST that GLYCOLYTIC ATP is a PRIMARY SOURCE of ENERGY the Na+,K+ PUMPS (see also Okamoto et al., 2001)."

The censored Osaka et al. proves (STRONGLY) that glycolytic ATP is the primary source of energy for the Na/K pumps!

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12050801

Full text article:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278526/