Any positively charged particle or atom (meaning that it is missing at least one electron in one of its available rest state prbotals) will attract due to Coulomb interaction any free moving negatively charged electron or lightly held electron from another close by atom, which electron will accelerate as a function of the inverse of 1/d^2 towards the more massive positive ion while being adiabatically induced along the way as a function of the inverse of 1/d by increasing momentum energy and an equal amount of transversely oriented oscillating electromagnetic energy until dead stopped by the mutual repelling interaction of its magnetic field and the default permanent parallel aligned composite magnetic field of the atomic nucleus nucleons inner charged and massive subcomponents, at which point, all of its accumulated momentum energy will be ejected as an electromagnetic photon moving at c.

As an example, in the case of the establishment of a hydrogen atom at the subatomic level of magnitude, when a free moving electron (negative charge) is attracted by an ionized proton (positive charge), it can only accelerate towards it due to Coulomb interaction. Well established since Coulomb for opposite electric charges, and when suddenly stopped at about Bohr radius distance from the proton, its accumulated momentum energy (13.6 eV) is not communicated to any environment as it happens for masses suddenly stopped at our macroscopic level of magnitude, it is rather inelastically ejected as an electromagnetic bremsstrahlung photon as explained in Section 28 of this paper. The proof being its recording in the electromagnetic spectrum of the hydrogen atom.

Article Emphasizing the Electromagnetism according to Maxwell's Init...

The electron then remains stabilized in stationary action within the resonance volume that it visits as it oscillates about the mean Bohr radius ground state distance of the hydrogen atom, captive between the adiabatically re-induced momentum energy mandated by the Coulomb interaction vectorially oriented towards the proton at these varying distances from the proton, that replaces the evacuated acceleration induced momentum energy accumulated as it was accelerating towards the proton, as analyzed in this paper and the repelling interaction between the magnetic field of the electron and the default permanent parallel aligned composite magnetic fields of the nucleons charged and massive elementary subcomponents:

Article On adiabatic processes at the subatomic level (Expanded repu...

This is how hydrogen atoms come into being, by the association of an electron and a proton.

This initial spectrum emission corresponding to the establishment of the ground state energy level of the hydrogen atom corresponds to radius R1 of de Broglie's 1924 thesis main equation that inspired Schrödinger his wave equation as analyzed in this paper:

Article Critical Analysis of the Origins of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Contrary to Schrödinger initial conception of the square of the absolute value of the wave function as a spherical probability density function extending from the center of the hydrogen atom to infinity, a new perspective compatible with the trispatial vector geometry is now available that restricts the probability density volume that can be related to the square of the absolute value of Schrödinger's wave function to a cylindrical volume about the Bohr radius for the stationary action rest state of the electron in the hydrogen atom (as an example), whose inner and outer limits with respect to the proton would be determined by the inertia of a localized electromagnetic electron that would be in resonance state within this volume.

This approach considerably limits the volume within which the electron can be realistically located and establishes its possible range of varying energy as a function of its varying distance from the proton as it resonates away and towards the proton within this volume.

Put in perspective in this paper, published in March of 2024:

Article Evolution From the Complex Plane to the Quaternion Coordinat...

The cylindrical volume of resonance of the electron in an isolated hydrogen atom about its mean ground state distance from the proton is determined by the interplay between its momentum energy vectorially oriented towards the proton and the default repelling parallel spin orientation of the electron oscillating magnetic field and the composite magnetic fields of the proton charged and massive electromagnetic subcomponents, as analyzed in this paper:

Article An Overview of the Hydrogen Atom Fundamental Resonance State...

When I began in the mid 1990's to re-explain the electromagnetic mechanics of elementary particles that has been neglected since SR was adopted in 1907, I was far from imagining that 30 years later I would observe that some mainstream theoreticians have become so ignorant about fundamental physics that they do not even know about the fundamental Coulomb interaction between point-like behaving charges experimentally discovered by Coulomb 100 years after Newton published his Principia, and from which the E-field equation was defined by Gauss, and even have no idea how hydrogen atoms come into being by the capture of an electron by a proton, and have no idea why the electron stabilizes at mean Bohr radius distance from the proton with no possibility of crashing on the proton.

Except for the recently established reason why electrons do not crash onto atomic nuclei, most of this knowledge was current in the first decade of the 1900's, which is what allowed Bohr to establish the ground state radius of the electron orbit in his idealized model of the hydrogen atom and then establish the sequence of the other less energetic metastable energy levels of the hydrogen atom according to the Lyman series.

Fortunately for us all, the engineering community kept on successfully using the first electromagnetic mechanics equation established by Lorentz ever since Walter Kaufmann used it for the first time in history in the first years of the 1900's in cathode ray tubes and all high energy accelerators.

Kaufmann's experiments confirmed the discovery by Searle that electrons increase their mass with velocity, a forgotten discovery that luckily was rediscovered in 2003 by Paul Marmet from a seamless derivation from the Biot-Savart equation.

This is what drew my attention to the neglect in mainstream for the past 120 years of the underlying electromagnetic mechanics, because no trace of this underlying electromagnetic mechanics was to be found in any textbook or reference manual published since the very beginning of the 20th century.

All of the electromagnetic mechanics of elementary particles has now been recovered and described, and has even been harmonized with kinematic mechanics, according to Wilhelm Wien's project as formulated in his 1901 paper:

Article Electromagnetic and Kinematic Mechanics Synchronized in thei...

Peer reviewers comments available here:

https://peerreviewarchive.com/review-history/6575b

One of which was:

"The chapter is written carefully and interesting for academic level students and researchers. It contains many precious topics related to synchronized kinematic and electromagnetic mechanics.This chapter is important because it provides an accurate scientific description of synchronized kinematic and electromagnetic mechanics and helps students and researchers to solve issues related to this field. This chapter will help those interested and specialists to understand more the importance of synchronized kinematic and electromagnetic mechanics and its applications."

The complete sequence of the formally published papers that analyze in depth the underlying electromagnetic mechanics of elementary particles is available from this index:

Article INDEX -Electromagnetic Mechanics (The 3-Spaces Model)