In the field of veterinary medicine, antibiotics are used as growth promotors for poultry and livestock. Studies indicated that about 90% of these antibiotics are not fully absorbed in the intestine, so they are excreted with urine and feces to contaminate soil and litter, which in turn works to generate selective pressure on the microorganisms present in the environment and soil, which causes the emergence of resistant strains to these drugs, and may be it is one of the reasons for the transfer of resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria...In my field, I investigated the multidrug resistance index in order to link the field practices with the emergence of resistance. The results indicated that the practices followed led to a high percentage of multi resistance in the isolated strains. My sincere gratitude, Doctor.

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When antibiotic residues enter the soil, the main processes determining their persistence are sorption to organic particles and degradation/transformation. The wide range of DT50 values for antibiotic residues in soils shows that the processes governing persistence depend on a number of different factors, e.g., physico-chemical properties of the residue, characteristics of the soil, and climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and humidity).

Antibiotics in the Soil Environment—Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity (nih.gov)

Based on the following link it has been showed that antibiotics affect soil microorganisms by changing their enzyme activity and ability to metabolize different carbon sources, as well as by altering the overall microbial biomass and the relative abundance of different groups in microbial communities.

Article Antibiotics in the Soil Environment—Degradation and Their Im...

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