My belief is that our Universe is potently moving as a single object through the void of the unknown, which is outside our universe. The outside of our Universe is made up of Dark Matter. With this model there was never a big bang but in fact matter is been continually created and slowly makes it way within our Universe until it finally disipates and makes it way back into the void. The reason I feel this is possible is because it exists today, so if our belief is that what has been has always been, that then suggests that there is a continual cycle which goes on and on. A Big Bang suggests there is a beginning and then a end. As now we are aware that the Universe is expanding at greater than the speed of light, so it is unlikely it will ever come back together again, and if the other theory is true it will simply just vanish at some point, if this is true why are we here now. For me a continuous moving universe where matter is always been created and therefore our Universe will continue to be here, but of course it is continually changing. Maybe the only way it could end is if it has a head-on with another Universe travelling in the opposite direction. But that is another idea of mine. I am currectly in the process of writing a paper on this so if anyone aware of any theory that could contradict this idea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
I believe that any theory can be valid, as long as it is supported by equations and not by words, the interpretations can be many and may be wrong or not, however an equation is correct or incorrect, there is no middle term.
Yes thank you, I am aware that for it to become a theory, there is a lot of work to be done, thats why at the moment I just call it a idea. I am just looking for feedback on the idea, and then trying to work out how it can be tested. I think the 2 areas that I might be able to test this, and I am not sure yet how, but the percentage of Dark Matter and Dark Energy within our Universe and also the speed and direction of the expansion of the Universe. One measurement which I would like to do, but not sure how as yet, is to be able to measure the acceleration speeds in all directions to see if in fact the speed is uniform across all the Universe's direction's or if there are some differences depending on direction we are looking. If the speed is different depending on direction then this could indicate that the Universe could be moving as a Open Object.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
After further thought, it appears that this idea works with what they believe is currently going on. The idea holds true to the theory that the Universe was expanding very slowly initially, until it reached a point where it started to accelerate and expand at a every increasing rate. If my hypothesis holds true it explains what is causing this phenomena, Initially the universe is held in by the boundarys that are created by the movement and acceleration of the Universe, so the expansion is very slow, at some point due to the movement, our Universe is slowly moving towards the opening , where the boundaries start to diminish. At this point the Dark Matter, Dark energy ?? starts to make its way into the universe as we know it exists in huge amounts and causes the Universe to accelerate, The end will be that all matter will eventually make its way back into the void, and thus once all heat is gone will slowly disappear. At this point the skys will be empty. The beauty of this hypothesis is that the cycle will continue, as matter is continually been created, and the cycle will continue indefinately until our Universe stops moving as a entire object, which could be resulted from another Universe hitting it , which will cease the movement and create an incredible explosion, which will ultimately become many new Universes been created.
As well as this could new meaning to things such as gravity, magnetism etc. Also it could bring clue's to what dark matter and dark energy is. If in fact it is matter from outside the universe it stands to reason that it would have absolutely no heat, and thus could objects with absolutely no heat explain how the galaxies are been affected.
I would like to add after some thought, that pre first Universe there was no matter except for Dark Matter. So to continue down this path. It stands to reason that Dark Matter as it was encountered with the moving universe the DM started to become converted into the matter which is our Universe. This is also happening continously, With the movement of the Universe through the void which is made up of DM, some of the DM which clashes with the pointy end of the Universe is moved into the Universe while others are deflected and possibly start there own journey in the creation of other Universes. Also some of the Dark Matter does not change and is also moved into the Universe as well as some Dark Energy. At this point the location in the Universe initally is very cramped, and as it makes its way through the Universe it slowly expands, this is the push of the Dark Energy. Once it moves towards the end of the Universe restriction of area is removed and the matter continues to accelerate and the Universe inflates faster than the speed of light. Then the final step for this matter is to become part of the Void, and become Dark Matter once again.
Thoughts on Dark Matter. If you would try to image a place where nothing exists. The only 3 knowns are 1) No Movement , 2) Silence and 3) No Heat , the only other thing I am not sure about is pressure...must have been some sort of pressure , but then pressure assumes there is heat. So lets go with no pressure, no gravity and no magnetism. So how did it all begin, again we assume that Dark Matter exists and one of its properties must be absolutely no heat, so we could be talking about a particle?? that has a coldness which cannot be measured and again no energy which means no movement within. So there you have it an infinity made up of these Dark Matter particles. So what started it all then. I guess that at some point the coldness became so intense that Dark Matter started to move, I would imagine this probably happened all over infinity at almost the same time, given the conditions were probably the same throughout infinity. So with movement comes energy and heat. Fortunately as there is no gravity , magnetism or anything like attraction. Movement meant that DM would continue to move at the same direction for infinity. It stands to reason that it would continue to pick up speed, with nothing stopping it, it continued to accelerate to insurmountable speeds. This is the beginning of our Universe. Along the way it would with its speed and the energy it was building up, it would change anything in its path. All Dark Matter it incountered would be either converted to the matter which makes up our Universe or would be deflected and those would start Universes of there own. Within our Universe matter would be spewed into it from where it is been created, and with it also Dark Matter would be also slipping in unchanged. Ths process continues today.
Dear Antonio
Have you not considered that maybe dark matter does not exist? without being an expert in that subject I know that dark matter arises from the need to explain the rotation of stars in galaxies so that they comply with Einstein's equations, but that it has not been found yet, maybe we are not "looking " in the correct way
Dear Sergio
This is a very good point, yes dark matter was named to fill in the void to explain and make Einstein's equation work. As for what is helping to keep Galaxies together, they also have used Dark Matter as the thing which is helping them stay together, because without some sort of other mass they believe there is not enough mass within the galaxies to keep them together as they are. I guess there could be other forces at work which we cannot see let alone understand. It is a really interesting topic in Science as it also requires a lot of creative thinking, I won't say guess work as that is a no no in science. But one of the things that makes me believe that it something that does exist, is the very notion that our Universe could only have been created if something before hand had existed. So why could it not exist now, maybe our instruments of detection are so advanced but maybe it requires some new technology to be able to detect something that is so foreign to us, that it requires something new. I always try to think outside the box, for example what would a huge mass of water look like in the void of the Universe, is it even possible. What forces are there that could keep it together even in space. Sorry sounds like Science Fiction, but just a while ago it was believed that water could only be found on the earth, now they realize it is everywhere. Went a little of track, but it shows my passion for this subject.
Dear Antonio
My vision of the universe is something different, I do not like the infinities, I do not like the "uncomfortable questions" like for example that there was before the BigBang? and I do not like the exchanges of forces, I think than all the forces can be explained with a more relativistic view from the geometry, and I also believe that dark matter is nothing more than a misinterpretation of that geometry
dear Antonio, You are right: the so-called universe is an open system in a wide cosmos.
Hello everyone,
There is, in your argument, much too much "if".
In the current state of things, no experimental track has been able to prove itself on the existence of energy or dark matter.
There is a theory, the theory of entropic gravity developed by Erik Verlinde, which conceives gravity as proportional to thermodynamic entropy. Its equation (gradient S * T = GmM / r², with S the entropy, T the temperature, G the gravitational constant, m and M two distinct masses, r a distance) is the one that is most likely to explain the problem of rotation of galaxies. This theory, "validated" by a scientific experiment, proves that one can do without dark matter.
I quote: "A team led by astronomer Margot Brouwer (Leiden Observatory, The Netherlands) has tested the new theory of physicist Erik Verlinde (University of Amsterdam) for the first time through the lens of gravity. distribution of gravity around more than 33,000 galaxies to Verlinde's prediction to the test. "It concludes that Verlinde's theory agrees with the measured gravity distribution."
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_a2jWYk8A0
Finally, there are things that are impossible to detect or observe: the limit of the universe. If the universe has no limits, and it is an open system, then nothing allows us to tell us if there is something "outside" of our universe. Similarly, if the universe has limits, even our most powerful instruments can not detect it. In summary, this is once again more scientific speculation, see metaphysics.
Regarding the beginning or the end of the universe, at present, the model of the Big Bang is the most successful model and explains a lot of physical phenomenon. I am willing to admit that this theory has these limits. In this case, we must look for a more general "more" Big Bang theory. On the other hand, to totally put one's life back into fault ... This is an extremely hard task.
There is one particular model that perfectly explains the expansion of the universe and the problem of singularity: The theory of the primordial star. In this theory, a primordial 4-dimensional star collapses into a black hole giving birth to our universe. It would be a gigantic black hole. The problem of the origin of the singularity is solved; the problem of the paradox of information can be solved. Read my comment on this question, everything is explained:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_our_universe_embedded_in_a_giant_black_hole
My theoretical model is based on the conception of a fluid space-time (Newtonian or non-Newtonian) and on the possibility of describing the Einstein equation by the laws of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and the theory of fluidity. 'information. My model is a more complete version than Verlinde's, and is able to solve some additional physics problems. Here are the links:
Energy Pulse Tensor Study in Fluid Mechanics: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327669456_Energy_Pulse_Tensor_Study_in_Fluid_Mechanics
Entropic description of gravity by thermodynamics relativistic fluids and the information theory: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327233806_Entropic_description_of_gravity_by_thermodynamics_relativistic_fluids_and_the_information_theory
Best regards,
BAUDRIMONT Roman
dear Roman, "There is, in your argument, much too much "if"." you are right: the IFs are to be placed in the presumptions (axioms).
Initially when this part of the universe was created it appeared as we were in a more closed system, there was less dark matter than today, as we move closer to the open end of the universe the Dark Matter will increase in the amount there is compared to our normal matter. This could be one part of the puzzle which could validate my idea.
Just on the expansion or acceleration. The shape of Galaxies could be determined by the acceleration of the Universe as well as the attraction to the Black Holes in the centre of the galaxies. As that most mass and density resides within the centre , this could also be an affect of the acceleration. I am suggesting that by observing the way we see the shape and angle of the galaxies we should be able to determine the direction of each galaxy expansion and acceleration. We also should be able to determine which galaxies are closer, for example the one's we see side on could in fact be neighbours travelling in the same direction. While the galaxies which we see the full ring are either behind us or the travelling moving away on opposite side of the expansion.
The universe moving through the void could also explain why the universe is expanding at incredible speeds. As the Universe moves through the void matter is created and the matter within the void is equally moved into our semi closed universe with that the universe becomes denser and matter (the galaxies) are moved outwards. So the Dark Matter could be a combination of new matter and pressure bUILDING UP. Pretty much when we blow up a balloon with oxygen.
I think it is not just the accelerated expansion, which is to be explained. A variety of other experimental/observational results already exist, one of them is indeed the phenomenon of accelerated expansion. For example, experimental data on the anisotropy of cosmic microwave background, cosmic helium and hydrogen abundance, large scale structure formation are also to be explained along with your explanation of accelerated expansion in a consistent cosmological model.
Biswajoy, I agree. What I am currently trying to acheive is to come up with a high level model, and then see if it fits in with what we know. Also I believe that the first element created was hydrogen which explains why there is such a abundance in our Universe. What I am currently trying to get my head around at the moment is the possibility that our Universe has just come through a wormhole or something like that, and is now expanding as it moving into a region of space which has no boundaries, thus the acceleration increase.
Dear Antonio,
You question about the "other" force of gravity that keeps the disc galaxies together.
The solution has been given by the Gravity Probe B experiment, which tested the change of axis orientation of gyroscopes in satellites, due to the gravity of the Earth's orbital motion and spin.
It results in the finding that gravitomagnetism without Lorentz invariance is entirely explaining gravitation. It contains Newton's gravity, and a velocity-dependent, magnetic-like field.
Now lets' take randomly moving gases.
Like the experiment of parallel electric wires that get attracted or repelled, fast moving masses also are more attracting or more repelling, depending from their orientation. The like-oriented moving particles will group, the opposite-oriented moving masses repell, and grouped clouds will slightly repel other, opposite-moving grouped clouds. That causes the creation of spinning nebulae, and eventually, plasma.
The cloud is spontaneously beginning to spin due to what I explained earlier: there is indeed an anisotropic part of gravity, related to motion, which causes motion of masses and angular momentum to be transmitted to the surroundings. (Gravitomagnetism).
In the case of a spherical galaxy, a spinning center can make swivel all the orbits towards the equatorial plane, like electric coils swivel and align in a magnetic field.
The gravitational angular momentum in the disc galaxy's bulge is providing a gravitational dipole on an initially spherical galaxy, in such way, that the orbits will swivel until they arrive in the plane that is perpendicular to the angular momentum. This is the same process than would occur in electromagnetism, when electric coils are put in a magnetic field: they all rotate and align. The alignment is caused by a Lorentz-like force, that holds the disk flattened, queezed. The reason that allegedly Dark Matter is needed, is caused by two wrong mainstream beliefs:
1) that Keplerian orbits would be valid in disc galaxies.
2) that disc galaxies are unstable without Dark Matter.
The second issue has been explained above. That Kepler would be valid in disc galaxies is patently false, because Kepler is only valid for one large mass and one tiny orbiting mass. LeVerrier has proven that a Newtonian precession occurs when a second orbiting mass is added. Even for our solar system, with very few and distant planets, an important precession correction has to be used for Mercury. A similar correction is needed for every planet. For a disc galaxy with billions of stars with a high overall density, billions of corrections need to be done. The easy way is to use an integration of infinitesimal mass over the disc for a given orbit location. When doing that, one comes to the observed velocity curves without the need of Dark Matter.
My work shows all these aspects in many, many cosmic events, all gravitational effects.
As for the alleged expansion of the universe, remember that it is just an invention, based upon the observation of redshift. Redshift however can also occur as light fatigue by an interaction with hydrogen or free electrons in the universe, and it complies with all indirect observation as well, in a static universe.
Thierry De Mees
Thanks Thierry, you have given me a lot to think about. One question I do have is, Are the forces the same for the satellites that rotate around earth than the planets revolving around the sun. Even though the satellites orbits are circular and remain a equal distance from the earth while the planets rotating around the sun are more oval shape and the distances vary.?
Dear Antonio,
Yes, the forces have the same origin. The key is "motion of masses".
In electromagnetism, one gets a magnetic field about a charge as soon as a charge is moving in an existing field.
That magnetic field is perpendicular to the line of motion, and can induce any moving charge.
Maxwell's equations gives a set of induction equations for electromagentism.
The same thing happens to masses. In addition to Newton's gravity (analogeous to Coulomb's static equation), there is a velocity-dependent set of equations, as given in the Maxwell-like equations for gravity.
With gravitomagnetism, one can straightforwardly find Mercury's anomalous perihelion advance of 43"/century, by considering that the Sun moves in the MIlky Way, and that it induces Mercury's orbit by slightly advancing it.
One can also prove that the eccentricity of Mercury's orbit and its inclination with respect to the Sun's equator is caused by this solar gravitational induction.
Preprint Mercury's perihelion advance is caused by our Milky Way
Best regards,
Thierry De Mees
If outside our universe is in fact infinity and our universe is expanding, then the likelyhood the the big bang happened as we beleive that through gravity or magnetism it drew all back into it before exploding cannot be, as that infers that our universe works as a independant object from the rest of the void. It is more likely that our universe is in constant motion through the void and as itcontacts matter in the void, it moves it into our universe ssas new matter, while all the time the universe is expanding and it is constantly been refreshed.
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