The microbiological flora colonizing the termite guts is very rich. One of the key functions is the ability to break down cellulose and hemicellulose.
Examples of publications that may be useful:
http://jprsolutions.info/newfiles/journal-file-56d2915c1a9ef5.59748107.pdf
Article Termite-Microbe Symbiotic System and Its Efficient Degradati...
Cellulolytic bacterial species (isolated from termite guts):
Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans (Cryptocercus punctulatus)
Cellulosimicrobium variabile (Mastotermes darwiniensis)
Clostridium termitidis (Nasutitermes lujae)
Dysgonomonas termitidis (Reticulitermes speratus)
Spirochaeta coccoides (Neotermes castaneus)
Spirochaeta odontotermitis (Odontotermes obesus)
Treponema isoptericolens (Incisitermes tabogae)
The role that bacteria play will depend very much on which termite species you're talking about. Higher termites don't have them, but in lower termites, the biggest players in cellulose digestion are the flagellates. Those flagellates, in turn, have both intra- and extracellular bacterial symbionts, notably members of the Elusimicrobia. There are also bacteria in the gut that do not have an obligate association with flagellates.
In Reticulitermes flavipes, spirochaetes are particularly dominant in the gut (backed up by studies that showed that the dominant bacterial taxon is Treponema: https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmicb.2016.00171). That study also found caste-specific differences in which microbes were present.
A lot of these bacterial species will be playing some role in digestion, even if it is not a direct role (e.g. as essential symbionts of flagellates).
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