Please follow the pdf attachments and the links given below.

http://in102947129.trustpass.alibaba.com/product/173127208-101353644/Biological_Treatment_for_Tannery_Waste_Water.html

http://www.probio.co.za/?attachment_id=536

http://grgenviro.com/

Dear Chau tran,

a probiotic substance or preparation.a microorganism introduced into the body for its beneficial qualities.A probiotic is a "live microbial food ingredients that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, exerts health benefits on the consumer". Probiotics exert their benefits through several mechanisms; they prevent colonization, cellular adhesion and invasion by pathogenic organisms, they have direct antimicrobial activity and they modulate the host immune response. The strongest evidence for the clinical effectiveness of probiotics has been in their use for the prevention of symptoms of lactose intolerance, treatment of acute diarrhea, attenuation of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects and the prevention and treatment of allergy manifestations.

Biological Treatments

Biological treatment of wastewater is more favorable and cost effective as compared to other physiochemical methods. Various microorganisms are capable of reducing the content of pollutants significantly by utilizing them as energy and nutrient source in the presence or absence of oxygen

1.      Aerobic treatment

2.      Anaerobic treatment

The tanning process

The production processes in a tannery can be split into four main categories:

1.      hide and skin storage and beamhouse operations,

2.       tanyard operations,

3.        post-tanning operations and

4.       finishing operations.

During the tanning process at least about 300 kg chemicals (lime, salt, etc.) are added per ton of hides .

In the following the different steps of a typical tanning process and important aspects concerning the wastewater emergence are described in more detail:

1.      Pretanning (Beamhouse operations)

(i)                Soaking

(ii)              Fleshing and trimming:

(iii)            Deliming and Bating:

(iv)            Pickling

(v)              Degreasing

2.      Tanning (Tanyard operations):

Principally, there are two possible processes:

(i)                Chrome tanning

(ii)              Vegetable tanning:

3.      Wet Finishing (Post-Tanning):

4.      Finishing

Please visit NILEST for a comprehensive info and updates