As suggested above, infra red camera is useful for measuring the temperature. Thermocouple may also be used, but positioning the thermocouples are difficult.
there are several ways to measure the temperature but first of all let me know whether you wanna measure the temp under dry condition or not you are using the lubricant.
In the dry condition you can easily use a thermocamera or even thermocouples there is also another option which is using infrared sensors which you can use all these techniques depending on your facilities.
Im agree with Mr Mohammadali Kadivar , but the ideal is to make two types measurements simultaneously: 1) by thermocuples near to the surface (you can make the hole with edm drilling) and 2) by using thermographic camera.
You need to take care with the thermal conductivity of the material to be grinding.
HELLO! YOU CAN USE INFRARED CAMERA WHICH CAN REGISTER THE TEMPERATURE OF GRINDING PROCES AND ALSO YOU CAN SEE LIVE THE TEMPERATURES IN DIFFERENT POINTS !
There are good quality digital thermal imagers. Depending upon your temperature range and required accuracy you may select one. I know, "Flir" is one of the companies that manufacture the same.