During last few years, Dr. John Pepper has given the hypothesis for the ill effects of red meat for causing diseases like cancer via the mammalian sialic acid Neu5Gc on the surfaces of cells, which was removed and replaced from humans by Neu5Ac. Dr. John Pepper has given hypothesis that the microbe malaria was the stimulant for such change in the surface cellular sialic acid in humans by the deletion of the enzyme that makes Neu5Gc from humans for leading to human immunity to certain species of malaria (reichenowi) due to such species using Neu5Gc to bind cellular surfaces for infecting cells for causing malaria (reichenowi). The replaced sialic acid Neu5Ac however makes humans susceptible to a different species of malaria (falciparum). Dr. Pepper has further noted that humans eating animals and red meat of animals assimilate the Neu5Gc from the red meat of their diet into their human cells with concentrating the Neu5Gc onto their cellular surfaces for causing immune response and diseases. I give this youtube lecture for review of Dr. John Pepper's theory and hypothesis: Why mammal meat is bad for humans (and only humans) | John Pepper

During last few years, some scientists have challenge Dr. John Peppers hypothesis of malaria driving the genetic shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac in humans and the theory of Dr. Pepper that Neu5Gc causing disease in humans as it is found in animals and humans eating red meat of animals are concentrated with Neu5Gc and the Neu5Gc gets assimulated into human cells and causes accumulation onto cell surfaces with Neu5Ac for causing antibody response in humans inflammation and diseases like cancer, high blood pressure, alzeheimers, autoimmune disease, ect... For instance, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Caner Susai, Bernd Dohler and Gerhard Opelz in the publication entitled ("No Increase in colon cancer risk flowing induction with Neu5Gc Bearing Rabbit Anti-T Cell IgG (ATG) in Recipients of Kidney Transplants (2018)") suggest that giving many patients undergoing kidney transplant Rabbit Bearing Neu5Gc did not cause cancer in the recipients. Some propose this is evidence that Neu5Gc does not cause disease in humans. Another paper reports that a few animals like ferrets, mustelids and martens eat animals with red meat rich in Neu5Gc and do not develop cancer and this is more evidence that Neu5Gc is innocuous to causing diseases like cancer.

Recently in a published manuscript Reginald B. Little (RBL) in 2017 proposed that the immune system acts by using stable isotopes of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, and sodium, and lithium for attaching microbes and viruses. See { Possible Treatment of Coronavirus and Other Viruses by Stable Isotopes and Electromagnetic Fields and Waves | European Journal of Applied Physics } also see { On the Atomic Carcinogenic Mechanism and Cure for Cancer: Ferrochemistry for Cause of Warburg Effect | On the Atomic Carcinogenic Mechanism and Cure for Cancer: Ferrochemistry for Cause of Warburg Effect }. I wanted this discussion to apply my stable isotope for immune system to the theory by Dr. Pepper of Neu5Gc causing diseases in humans for rationalizing these two recent contentions of the rabbit Neu5Gc not causing cancer and the ability of some animals like ferrets, mustelids and martens to eat Neu5Gc without getting disease. Applying my (RBL) isotope theory to Dr. Pepper theory of Neu5Gc causing cancer involves me proposing that Neu5Gc from animals of high tropic positions are enriched in 13C isotope and by RBL's theory of 13C causing cancer, this is the basis for Neu5Gc causing cancer by the theory of Dr. Pepper. Dr. Pepper in his prior theory did not include isotope effect for Neu5Gc causing cancer. But here RBL discovers and discloses by his 13C isotope effect an atomic basis of cancer naturally arises by Neu5Gc.

Here , I (RBL), give some support to my supposition that it is the 13C enrichment in Neu5Gc that causes the cancer. By so doing I further strengthen the argument of Dr. Pepper against this kidney transplant study and this ferret, mustelids and martan case study. First I note as evidence that Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac are sialic acids and in general they are formed from ingested glucose and other sugars like sucrose. In RBL theory he notes that certain sources of these sugars like C4 plants like corn intrinsically enrich the sugars with 13C. See { Evidence of Stable Isotope 13C Causing All Cancers | European Journal of Applied Physics } Thereby the human and animals eating these will enrich their Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac with 13C. As support for RBL's theory of the red meat of human diets being thereby enriched with 13C isotope. Some studies have pointed to Neu5Gc being intrinsically enriched in 13C compared to Neu5Ac. See { Host-Malaria Parasite Interactions and Impacts on Mutual Evolution - PMC } ; { Genome variation and evolution of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum - PMC } ; and { Out of Africa: origins and evolution of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax - ScienceDirect }.

RBL thereby using his theory in the role of 15N in immune cells selectively binding to sialic acid of cancer, viruses and bacteria by these having sialic acid having 13C whereas normal human cells have 12C which the 15N of immune cells more weakly bind . See RBL's { Possible Treatment of Coronavirus and Other Viruses by Stable Isotopes and Electromagnetic Fields and Waves | European Journal of Applied Physics }. Thereby the enrichment of 13C in Neu5Gc on cells of humans by humans eating red meat can by RBL's theory cause immune cells to attack the normal human cells having the 13C in the Neu5Gc on the normal human cells causing inflammation from diet and disease. It is important to note that ferrets, mustelids and martens can have 15N isotope depleted in their tissues relative to their diets. It is further important to note that cancer cells were measured to deplete their DNA of 15N isotope relative to DNA in normal cells. Respectfully and Sincerely, Reginald B. Little