Perhaps this studie (among others can help you ?

The relationship between metacognitive beliefs,

auditory hallucinations, and hallucination-related

distress in clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers

Katy Hill1, Filippo Varese1, Mike Jackson1,2

and David E.J. Linden1,2,3∗

1School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK

2Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, UK

3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological

Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath

Park, UK

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that metacognitive beliefs are implicated in the

development of distress associated with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) rather

than in their aetiology.

Design. A cross sectional questionnaire design was used.

Methods. Three groups of participants were recruited (n = 20 in each group); clinical

voice-hearers diagnosed with psychiatric disorders; non-clinical voice-hearers with no

psychiatric history; and non-clinical participants with no history of voices or psychiatric

disorder. All participants were screened for psychiatric symptomatology and completed

a self-report measure of their metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30). In addition, the two

groups of voice-hearers were interviewed about dimensions of their voices (i.e., content,

frequency, distress, and disruption).

Results. The clinical group scored significantly higher than the two non-clinical groups

on two subscales of the MCQ-30 (negative beliefs about worry concerning controllability

and danger and negative beliefs about thoughts concerning need for control). There

were no significant differences between the two non-clinical groups on MCQ-30 scores.

Regression analyses revealed that the negative beliefs about need for control subscale

of the MCQ-30 was the only significant predictor of voice-related distress, although this

effect was no longer significant after controlling for the effect of group.

Conclusions. These results are consistent with previous findings suggesting that

metacognitive beliefs are not directly implicated in the aetiology of AVHs, but may be

associated with psychological distress. Further research is however needed to determine

whether metacognitive style may directly impact upon voice-related distress.

Thank you very much Raffard. But I don't see the complete reference of tris paper (journal, year of publication, pages). One more, thank you.

Here it is.

Best

One more time, thank you very much Raffard

Hi Raffard,

Thanks for the article.

Paul.

I'm sure you've seen this by now, but just in case:

The relationship between dissociation and auditory verbal hallucinations in the flow of daily life of patients with psychosis

F Varese, A Udachina, I Myin‐Germeys, et al.

Thank you David.