I was reading a recent review article (attached) on social learning in non-human primates and their "cultures." The authors primarily discussed how tool use or gesture dialects, as key cultural traits, could be transmitted among different groups of chimpanzees via social learning such as imitation or emulation. I became curious about whether prosocial traits (e.g., food sharing) could also form a "cultural" dimension that captures the normative patterns of social interaction across different groups of chimps (or other primates). 

In humans, for instance, various facets of prosocial traits (e.g., fairness sensitivity, high-cost altruism/generosity as measured in economic decision games) tend to manifest differently with age, partially depending on the specific socio-ecological or other developmental conditions (e.g., market integration, religion, wealth availability, the strength of social norms and early-life adversities). From a psychological/neuroscientific perspective, I think that these variations in prosocial development could be understood as the outcomes of specific reward-punishment contingencies created by one's cultural/family/other developmental backgrounds. That is, certain prosocial behaviors (or selfish behaviors) are either reinforced or punished (e.g., by low payoff or direct punishment) differently across groups, which will lead to the formation of drastically different dominant social heuristic (as suggested by David Rand, for example).  A recent body of empirical evidence, both from field and laboratory experiments, supports this notion: people, despite their potential altruistic predispositions, could form diverging prosocial characteristics based on what types of behaviors are repeatedly rewarded or punished.

Similarly, would there be an ecological or group-specific social environment that could affect the way certain prosocial traits differentially manifest across chimp groups (as group-specific "cultural trait" or social heuristics)? (e.g., Juvenile chimps acquiring different normative behaviors by getting rewarded vs. punished for differential sets of behaviors).

Is there a body of literature that tries to link the nature of the social environment (e.g., geographical/temporal resource availability; leadership style; the personality of male/female/higher-rank individuals) among different chimpanzee groups and examine its impacts on their prosocial development (In other words, how much do we know about the degree to which prosociality is explained by reinforcement history of individual primates, and how much it could be disentangled from species-specific biological predisposition that could contribute to prosocial behaviors regardless of environment)?

I know some studies comparing the impacts of despotism on food sharing in chimps vs. bonobos (attachment 2), but I guess there must be many more!