Flood flows produced by rainfall events can relatively easily be estimated by the CN method, which is incorporated in many popular hydrologic models. What about flood flows generated by snowmelt events? I shall appreciate knowing more about the theory, computation and modeling of snowmelt generated floods.
Machine learning adds new tools to hydrological modelling. The integration of hydrological knowledge, process-based models and machine learning for snowmelt modelling can further improve the simulation capabilities. At present, most snowmelt models still lack wind-blown snow modules and frozen ground modules. Explicit consideration of the effects of blowing snow and soil freezing and thawing in the snowmelt modelling process is expected to enhance the capabilities of snowmelt runoff simulation in land surface models and hydrological models. In the context of climate warming, global ROS events have become more and more extensive and intense, bringing great challenges to the snowmelt runoff simulation. At present, the runoff-generation mechanism for rain and snow mixed floods remains unclear. Therefore, the observation and simulation of ROS processes are an important direction in this field.
Regards
Thank you all (Achour, Bhat and Sasena) for the feedback. Let us see what other responses we get.
Simulating runoff from melting snow can be complex. However, it is absolutely necessary to protect life and property within a large portion of the United States. As such, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies have invested considerable resources studying snow hydrology and developing tools to help predict the accumulation and melt of snow. Here is some foundational research related to snow hydrology: "https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/4172/". While it is a bit dated, this research is still used within all federal agencies that build water resources infrastructure or forecast flood conditions throughout the United States.
The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) contains several snow simulation capabilities that can be utilized to predict snowmelt accumulation and melt. Here are some additional resources from the HEC-HMS website for more information: "https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/hmsdocs/hmstrm/snow-accumulation-and-melt".
Here are three tutorials that provide examples of snowmelt simulations that are commonly undertaken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:
https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/display/HMSGUIDES/Calibrating+Snowmelt+at+Gage+Locations
https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/display/HMSGUIDES/Calibrating+Gridded+Snowmelt
https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/display/HMSGUIDES/Using+the+Snowmelt+Modeling+Capabilities+within+HEC-HMS
Finally, within the near future, we're planning on releasing two new snowmelt methods within HEC-HMS (Radiation-derived Temperature Index and Energy Balance). This document describes those new methods: https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/display/HMSGUIDES/Modeling+Rain-on-Snow+Events.
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