No, references should be excluded. See https://www.researchgate.net/post/Should_references_be_included_while_checking_a_manuscript_for_plagiarism and my reply therein, as well as other replies.

Normally journal editors do not include bibliographic references in plagiarisms in Turnitin or other.I think I answered your question.

Thanks a lot

Not at all

Dear Dr Vaishnavi Balaji . References not included .

Since references are collation of articles papers, books and other materials cited in the manuscript, they do not need to be checked in any plagiarism software such as turnitin. Thanks!!!

In fact, this issue is very important in some of scientific reputable journals and it is considered by the eminent publishers in top level. They are completely traced all of the mentioned references using a series of specific software in each manuscript.

As the editor-in-chief of a scientific journal, first of all, I believe that there is a conceptual and procedural error when it comes to the use of matching software.

The most important thing is that you cannot and must not talk about plagiarism. The softwares, whatever, just look for matches and match data. Its use necessarily implies the inclusion of a human participation that, regardless of the percentage, must review and analyze each of the matches in order to establish whether there is any ethical misconduct or any malicious intent.

Talking about plagiarism based only on the percentage that a software delivers is a bad editorial decision and very valuable proposals can be lost.

Today, in the academic world, unfortunately we work on the basis of mistrust and these companies that own this software fill their coffers with money while we fight and punish the only way to build knowledge, which is on the basis of existing knowledge. always citing the sources.

Dear respected colleagues,

Related to this valuable discussion thread of Prof. Vaishnavi Balaji, please let me point to another critical issue related to plagiarism software-detectors.

My friend was accused of plagiarism. Why?

After about five months, his promotion process to associate professor was rejected because of plagiarism. When he checked the promotion report, he found that one of his papers was accused of plagiarism and with a 100% percentage. The reason is that his manuscript was checked by his co-author using one of these checkers. It took him several months time of following up to solve the problem and removing the manuscript from their database. After that long period, he re-applies the promotion order for the second time.

Therefore, plagiarism software may retain a copy of the manuscript in its database. To state the truth, this is depending upon the settings and type of account subscription.

So, you may face a similar situation when you submit your manuscript after plagiarism checking to a journal. It may be rejected instantly because it would show up 100% similarity index.

To solve the problem, it may take several months time of following up and removing the manuscript from their database.

If there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for your reputation, in any meaning.

Dear Prof. Vaishnavi Balaji & all the honorable researchers,

Plagiarism is a common problem facing almost all professors. This respected portal (i.e. RG) defines plagiarism as:

The term “plagiarism” has different meanings, but it usually includes copying somebody else’s work without permission.

On the other side, self-plagiarism is when the author republishes portions of his/her own previously written research work while authoring a new work.

I may be somewhat old-fashioned, but please have a look at the following golden principles on how to avoid plagiarism in academic writing, especially Self-Plagiarism:

Now, I think that the above-mentioned rules are helping in setting boundaries to avoid plagiarism in general, and self-plagiarism in special.

Finally, believe me, or not: If you make one plagiarizing, you may solve one problem and fall into many others where some of which may be described as a knockout. Again and again, please always remember that if there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for any researcher's reputation, in any meaning.