What makes a study using a cross-sectional questionnaire a retrospective questionnaire study? They are QOL studies for children with hearing problems who are being assessed by the Glascow Children's Benefit Inventory (GCBI).
Here are at least two that use the term:
Article Quality of Life in Children Fitted With a Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/716150
Here are three questions from the questionnaire:
1. Has your child's operation made his/her overall life better or worse?
2. Has your child's operation affected the things he/she does?
3. Has your child's operation made his/her behavior better or worse?
Is it because of the past tense verb - 'has your child's ...." instead of "is your child's ... overall life better since the operation?"
I imagine these are retrospective because the questionnaires were issued by the clinic prior to the study beginning. The study is using previous data that was not gathered by the authors at the time of experimentation, they analyzed data from previously completed questionnaires.
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