In these information links you will find a summary overview of the importance of remote sensing.

https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-remote-sensing-and-what-it-used?qt-news_science_products=3#qt-news_science_products

https://www.thoughtco.com/an-overview-of-remote-sensing-1434624

https://gisgeography.com/100-earth-remote-sensing-applications-uses/

For Agriculture=crop acreage and Yield you can use Landsat and Sentinel (Passive), and Lidar and Radar (active) data.

For Forestry=LAI and Biomass you can use Landsat and AWiFS (passive) and Radar Lidar (active) data.

For Water resources= Water Quality and water extent you can use Landsat and Hyperspectral data (passive) and Radar and SARAL (active)data.

Hope this would be helpful.

I believe that soil moisture, temperature, pH and rainfall can be measured remotely.