Regarding hopping terms in graphene nanoribbons?

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James Hernandez

t is the hopping energy between carbon-carbon atoms, a constant. phi is not necessarily 'any value we like' but it is the projection betwee the wave number k and the lattice constant.

It depends on what you are studying. the hopping terms may vary upon the introduction of external fields.

Physics-wise, it means that we assume that the wave functions are orthogonal during hopping.

If you will, kindly read this publication attached:

Thanks

Article Generalized tight-binding transport model for graphene nanor...