It is a common explanation of patch antenna in terms of E field and considered as a voltage structure.
Considering the phased array structures with such antennas, each antenna has to be fed with voltage or current of different phase?.
Case 1: If there is a situation with power signal fed to two array antenna with voltage and current varying similarly, the difference will be equal and so the beam steering can be from any of the input signal and doesn't matter.
Case 2: If I have a case where voltage behaves differently from current and array structure are fed with such power signal where voltage phase difference is different from current phase difference. So, the beam steering of array achieved will be due to voltage phase difference or current phase difference ?
The voltage phase difference will be the same as the current phase difference.
Patch antennas radiate from the front and back edges, where the electric fields are strong. These are magnetic dipoles, pointing along the front and back edges (actually along the slot between the edge and the ground). This produces a different radiation pattern to that from a single dipole, or a rectangular aperture, and the array pattern has to be multiplied by this radiation pattern.
Microstrip patch antennas have magnetic source of radiation. Electric fields are stronger on the slots and radiation also occurs on the back and front of the patch. Hence, voltage and current phase difference will be same. For the array case, it is recommended to first study the image-theory concept for utilizing array advantage of MS patch antennas.
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