I am looking for good papers about re-agglomeration of particles during long mechanical milling times. I know that there is an optimal milling time before which particle size reduces, and after some critical time the particles re-agglomerate and average particle size increases.
Does anyone know a good review or experimental paper (preferably with mathematical models) that describes this phenomena? P.S. The reason for re-agglomeration may be due to excessive surface energy that accumulates on small particles and after some (long) time the particles re-agglomerate to reduce the overall surface energy, as I understand.
The mechanical treatment of particles induces work hardening and subsequent fragmentation of particles. However, prolonged working leads to partial welding of particles due to pressure heat generated in mechanical attrition. Consequently, particles size may increased.
The number of variables (type of mill, intensity of milling, type of milling media, ball-to-powder weight ratio, atmosphere, material properties, particle shape,…) under which the powder is milled is quite large.
Therefore, modeling the process is a difficult task. An attempt see Abdellaoui, M., Gaffet, E.: Acta Mater., Vol 44 (1996) 725−734.
All the best for your work, Gerhard
1. Powder metallurgy-recent advances, editors V. Arunachalam and OV Raman
2. Powder metallurgy: science, technology and matarials by Anish Upadhyaya and G S Upadhyaya
In fact the main reason is because the energy that have been inputted to materials is so high.some of energy come from ball milling ,some of them come from accumulation of the energy. so u can try the following method to deal with it:
1 after certain time ball milling,u can adjust the milling parameter for reducing the inputting energy,i.e. speed of machine, ball-to-powder weight ratio.The purpose is to reduce the energy inputting per second in ball milling.
2 design a good cooling system for ball milling machine to deal with the accumulation of heat
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