1. In Q methodology, while established questionnaires can be adapted, it is essential to validate the reliability and validity of the Q-sample used. This involves ensuring content validity through expert review and pilot testing to reflect the participants’ perspectives accurately.

2. To achieve a balanced distribution of positive and negative statements in Q methodology, researchers can adjust items by rephrasing positive statements to include negative aspects or vice versa, ensuring that both types are represented equally in the Q-sample. This helps maintain a comprehensive perspective on the topic being studied.