Individualism societies recognize fear of failure as isolated phenomenon affecting individuals for various reasons (Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory), however, observation suggests that fear of failure may be more widespread in collectivist societies and even be a direct result of collectivism. If any learned ResearchGate members have observations, research and/or empirical data to prove or disprove the above, I would be most grateful to you for sharing it.