Please consult R M M Pradeep (2021) How Ontology, Epistemology And Axiology Relate To Develop New Knowledge Through Research Methodology And Research Design.

Also consult part one of my book: Educational Research Philosophy & Application - which is going to be updated!

Both references are attached for our consideration.

Please also note that there is a new role for pragmaticism as a philosophical trend in mixed methods research - taking the place of both ontological and epistemological assumptions regarding the nature f the phenomenon and the knowledge about it (Professor David L. Morgan).

The question is a philosophical one.

Ontology is a branch of metaphysics which deals with the reality of existence - the of the meaning and nature of beings. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy which is concerned with knowledge and truth. The assumption here is that both ontology and epistemology are focused on what is real about being and knowing. In order to know, the knower must bea rational being, and the object of knowledge must be a reality, whilebrhe knowledge to be acquired has to be a true one. Philosophical methods of inquiry, analysis and clarifications are required here, so as to arrive at a true knowledge of things. These methods will help our metaphysical convictions about the nature of things around us, and even beyond. Epistemological issues are thus have their bases on ontological foundations.

Think of ontology as assumptions one has to take for granted (i.e. postulates) in order for new knowledge to be produced. Epistemology is more concerned with what one considers an appropriate way of accessing and advancing existing knowledge and is important to ponder on these questions when defining your research problem and justify the methodology you deem as best fit to address it.

Hope this helps :)

Can you upload the paper written by 'the authors' please so I can have a look.

Hi Janet

Article Personality Stability From Age 14 to Age 77 Years

this is the article I am working on thank you

Following on my previous comment, please have a look at the article by Professor David L. Morgan:

Hello Denella, Thank you for uploading the paper. So the nature of the phenomenon under inquiry is trying to determine 'stability of personality' longitudinally. My best guess is that the ontological (what is real) and epistemological (how we get to know what we know/truth claims and how can we know this is reliable) assumption made by the authors is that 'stability of personality' can be measured/determined/known by using a positivist/rationalist methodology. I know this is very thin however, I would be here for a week if I tried to go into it any further :).