Plants take up nutrients via roots. The exception are foliar uptake of carbondioxide, oxygen and sulphurdioxide. Foliar uptake of other nutrients is limited.
Foliar application is more successful for micro-nutrients. Foliar applied 'P' cannot entirely replace soil applied P as early season P availability to roots in soil is important for crop growth. Some P uptake may occur through foliage. So it might be used as a type of top up application for high P demanding crops. If proportion of foliar applied P is more than soil applied P, there occurs a reduction in crop yields and P uptake by plant parts.
As @Sunita Gaind described in detail, the uptake of nutrients like phosphate is mostly possible through soil via root system of the plants. So, there remains some exceptions of foliar uptake, which needs to be investigated.