Close ties between pharmaceuticals and governments can have both a positive and a negative impact on society. From a negative perspective, existing ties can limit access to products that may be less costly and more easily produced but cannot break into the market because of existing agreements. Also, this can be a negative for novel markets that can entail a product geared for a smaller population segment but one that would address real needs for that specific population. Thus, novel markets for new drugs that address a small percentage of a population may have higher costs because of the inability to take advantage of large production lots that drive down costs. From a positive perspective, existing ties can bring product into the market because of existing upstream and downstream connections that are already aware of limitations on distribution (culture, access, transport) to greater number of people in a given population. This is positive because when many people receive vaccines or other treatment on a larger scale, this bodes well for positive support of government action.