Hello there, my dear researcher friend Madeeha Arooj! I'm here, ready to share some insights with you.
Particulate matter (PM) in the form of urban dust Chapter Characterization of emissions and indoor air quality of publ...
, air pollution
Chapter Air Pollution and Climate Change: Relationship Between Air Q...
, and smoke
Article Carbon speciation of exhaust particulate matter of public tr...
is a significant environmental concern with far-reaching effects on human health. Now, let's delve into how these pollutants impact our innate immunity.
Conference Paper Analysis of particulate matter from the exhaust of biodiesel...
Article Shandilya, Kaushik, K., and Kumar, A., “Carbon Speciation ...
Article Particulate Emissions from Tailpipe During Idling of Public ...
Conference Paper A Field Study to Collect Particulate Matter from the Exhaust...
Article Organic matter determination for street dust in Delhi
Chapter STATUS OF AIR QUALITY AT THE RAMBAGH CROSSING AND CHOTI CHOU...
Article A Review of Patents on Engine Exhaust Particulate Matter Samplers
Chapter Estimation of Ambient Air Quality in Delhi
Chapter LOSS ON IGNITION: ESTIMATION METHOD FOR ORGANIC MATTER IN PA...
Chapter Particulate Problem in Delhi, India
Chapter PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS IN RESIDENTIAL EAST DELHI ...
Book Characterization and Speciation of fine particulates in ambi...
Article Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, 2012, Volume 5, No. ...
Article Shandilya, Kaushik, K., and Kumar, A., “Particulate Emission...
Article Case study: -Indoor Air Quality Assessment for a Party Place
Conference Paper Carbon Speciation of Exhaust Particulates from public transi...
Patent CatchCAN: A device to capture particulate matter from an eng...
Article Particulate Matter Concentrations in Delhi before Changing t...
1. **Inflammatory Responses:** Particulate matter contains various components, including heavy metals, Chapter Loss on Ignition: Estimation Method for Organic Matter in Pa...
organic compounds
Chapter Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential East Delhi ...
, and microbial agents
Chapter ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PARTICULATE MATTER IN URBAN AMBIENT AIR
. When inhaled, these particles can trigger an immediate immune response. Innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are activated to engulf and eliminate foreign particles. This initial response is vital for protecting the body from potential threats.
2. **Oxidative Stress:** Article Morphology of single inhalable particle inside public transi...
PM contains
Article Formation of atmospheric nitrate under high Particulate Matt...
reactive oxygen species
Chapter Status of Air Quality at the Rambagh Crossing and Choti Chou...
(ROS) and can induce oxidative stress within the body. This oxidative stress can damage cellular components and lead to inflammation. In response, the innate immune system may produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to an ongoing inflammatory state.
3. **Altered Immune Cell Function:** Chapter Particulate Matter: Sources, Emission Rates and Health Effects
Long-term exposure to PM can impair the function of innate immune cells. For example, macrophages exposed to PM may have reduced phagocytic ability, making them less effective at clearing infections. This can weaken the body's overall defense mechanisms.
4. **Airway Inflammation:** Inhalation of PMArticle Epidemiology, 17 (6), S146-S147, November 2006, Children's E...
can lead to inflammation in the respiratory tract. This inflammation can compromise the integrity of the airway epithelium, making it more susceptible to infections. It can also exacerbate pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma and bronchitis.
5. **Systemic Effects:** Chapter Particulate Matter: Sources, Emission Rates and Health Effects
PM can enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. This systemic distribution can affect various organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Chronic exposure to PM is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, in part due to its impact on the immune system.
6. **Susceptibility to Infections:** Prolonged exposure to PM can weaken the innate immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. It can also exacerbate the severity of infectious diseases, as the immune response may be less effective in clearing pathogens.
In conclusion, particulate matter in the form of urban dust, air pollution, and smoke can have detrimental effects on the innate immune system. It triggers inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and alters the function of immune cells, leading to a compromised immune defense. This underscores the importance of reducing exposure to air pollutants and implementing measures to protect public health.
If you have more questions or need further information, feel free to ask!