This is important today, as it is well-known that a shadow has fallen over the race to detect a new type of quantum particle, the Majorana fermion, that could power quantum computers.
The Nature retraction is a setback for Microsoft’s approach to quantum computing, as researchers continue to search for the exotic quantum states.
While the evidence of elusive Majorana particle dies --- computing hope lives on, and is now made possible by using tri-state+ [1] in software with standard binary hardware, while enabling the use of spintronic methods and other novel approaches using integers [2].
In that, it is useful to desconsider irrationals and infinitesimals, treating them as illusions, and clear the field.
The fact that many irrationals are in physics formulas, although non physical, is another motivation, to simplify. We then obtain new insights, such as a discrete spacetime, and a connection between quantum and GR -- that was already expected.
Mathematics cannot be independent, as all science is interrelated. What is your qualified opinion?
References
[1] Ed Gerck. Tri-State+ Communication Symmetry Using the Algebraic Approach. Computational Nanotechnology. 2021. Vol. 8. No. 3. Pp. 29–35. DOI: 10.33693/2313-223X-2021-8-3-29-35
[2] Ed Gerck. On the Physical Representation of Quantum Systems. Computational Nanotechnology. 2021. Vol. 8. No. 3. Pp. 13–18. DOI: 10.33693/2313-223X-2021-8-3-13-18. Change all occurrences of "Eq.(3)" to "Eq.(4)"
The current quantum theory of qubit is linked to the classical ``bit'', following Boolean or classical logic laws, such as the Law of the Excluded Middle (LEM), which carry only two possible values, ``0'' and ``1'', to emulate the workings of a relay circuit, and uses a formless ``fluid'' analogy of classical information, that can only be blocked (relay open), replicated or routed (relay closed).
There isn’t one particular Majorana fermion; it depends on the class of devices. That the experiments that claimed to have found it in certain devices, apparently, haven’t, just means that certain ways of realizing quantum computers don’t work.There are others.
SN: The setback for Majorana fermions is very clear, in that the Microsoft team retracts research paper in Nature. You can read the retraction.
A team of researchers at a Microsoft laboratory in the Netherlands, who published a 2018 paper in the journal Nature, has now retracted that paper, citing a lack of evidence to support their previous conclusions.
The setback is for that particular realization. The setback isn't about detecting-more precisely creating Majorana fermions, it's about creating them in a certain way. Quantum computing algorithms don't rely on that realization exclusively. The group from Microsoft thought they'd found something-it turns out that they hadn't.
At the Moscow State University, Setun (Russian: Сетунь) was a three-level logic computer developed in 1958, as well-known. It was arguably the most modern ternary computer, using the symmetric ternary number system and three-valued ternary logic instead of the two-valued binary logic prevalent in other computers.
In 1965, a regular binary computer was used to replace it. But in 1970, a new ternary computer architecture, the Setun-70, was developed; it was implemented as a simulation program running on a binary computer.
This demonstrated that while ternary logic may have computational advantages, binary computers seem to be sufficient and allow GF(3^m) in software --> GF(2^n) in hardware. That is our approach to quantum computing.
Quantum computing will only be worthy when computers reach a million qubits, and right now it's barely at 60.
There's a long way to go, but it will revolutionize science.
Flat earthers will be impressed.
A PM asks me about the impact of the now retracted article. This article was in the 99th percentile (ranked 2,173rd) of 292,144 tracked articles of a similar age in all journals and 79th percentile (ranked 202nd) of 988 tracked articles of a similar age in Nature. It was important, now rubbish. How many articles, how many doctorate students, lives, were impacted? There is trouble at the quantum lab. Irreproducibility now reaches physics.
Some online services, like arXiv, are rejecting papers that point this out, which reminds one of the "circle the wagons" approach in defending, rather than conceding.
It may be a lost opportunity when -- not if -- quantum computing becomes common. Similarly, it would have been a lost opportunity in 1905 to consider time and space to be absolute, when Einstein experimentally showed otherwise.
Today, when one sees famed universities and companies like Microsoft, Google, and Honeywell, failing in quantum computing and offering nothing new, one sees the importance of tri-state+.
In a general view, quantum or not, in an entirely binary logic with bits or qubits, we must recognize a 3rd logic state if we want to do simple arithmetic, to provide a coherent state -- it may be a carry flag, a previously calculated look up table, or any suitable combination of logic lines. In computer processors the carry flag (usually indicated as the C flag) is a single bit in a system status register/flag register used to indicate when an arithmetic carry or borrow has been generated out of the most significant arithmetic logic unit (ALU) bit position.
Without that, the result itself is uncertain. The sum of 0 + 0 could be 1.
Binary logic fails its own LEM rule for arithmetic. LEM is useless in anything equal or more complex than arithmetic. Logic (quantum or classic) then, like arithmetic, is always decidable and complete. Even a divergent, infinite, series can be finitely evaluated, as Ramanujan classically showed. Denying that is unfounded, both in quantum computing and classically.
But, in the infinite revolutions of time and space, another opportunity will surely come around, and another, ad infinitum if it would be needed.
Quantinuum, the company newly formed by the merger of Honeywell’s quantum computing division with a U.K. company called Cambridge Quantum Computing, fancy that they can offer customers encryption keys created using random numbers generated by Quantinuum’s own quantum machines.
Originally developed by Honeywell, to create random numbers for encryption keys, the computer uses a technology known as trapped ions to create its qubits, the processing units of a quantum computer in this view, even though we find qubits inconsistent.
The system has 10 qubits, but because trapped ions can be kept in quantum state for longer, they said they can perform some calculations more accurately than quantum computers from rivals, such as IBM, Google, and Rigetti Computing, that have more qubits but use superconducting materials to form them.
Quantum computing now has a brand name, where some brands are more "quantum" than others! And, random exists and can be calculated.
“In science … novelty emerges only with difficulty, manifested by resistance.” So wrote Thomas Kuhn in his landmark The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Some studies have backed up Kuhn’s insight that the scientific establishment tends to be cool toward published ideas that challenge a discipline’s entrenched paradigms.
Challenging the fictions of bits and qubits may take time. But, experimental data are already showing the faults of both. And, the supremacy of a tri-state+ solution.
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