how do we calculate E field distribution or radiation pattern in the near field. or can we design an antenna in the near field
CST will give the field distribution in the near-field. Monitors of electric field and magnetic field are available and you can also ask for field values in chosen places in post-processing.
There is no set radiation pattern in the near-field. It changes with distance, out to the far-field distance, where the radiation pattern becomes close to its infinite distance shape, when plotted as gain against angle. The far-field distance is about twice the square of the largest width of the aperture, divided by the wavelength.
Another useful and easy way is to define some plates (E-plane and H-plane) around your designed antenna, and in the Field Monitor option in CST, choose E-field at the already defined plates at your desired frequency. Next, run the full-wave simulation, and in the 2D/3D results, read or export the electric field. Here, you have access to all the required data for near-field analysis.
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