Can we think of a migration theory beyond neo-liberalism? What else is there beyond free individuals' -mostly- economic rational choices and aspirations and attractive destinations? Can we call it a neo-liberal fallacy and move on?
Jeffrey Harris Cohen and I have been discussing and proposing a rather structuralist model where conflicts causing insecurities and the perception of these insecurities determine the migration decisions which are often made within a household. The focus is on the sending context/country/region/area as destination choices are decided later and often predetermined if there is an existing culture of migration in a given household, area, region, country. Thus we are able to integrate the dynamic nature of conflict in migration decisions and project human mobility as an open ended process. The context is also characterised with various conflicts (please note a very broad definition is used here; it ranges from latent tensions to violent conflicts and hence determines the intensity of human mobility resulting). These conflicts can be at micro, mezo or macro level and involve individuals, groups/communities, and nation-states.
Neoliberalism does not cover the whole spectrum of migration; there are many different histories traversed by colonial pasts and relations of neocoloniality behind today migratory flows. Such histories have also influenced/shaped transnational migrant networks that are decisive at the time an individual or a group of people decide to migrate.
Thank you for the question and discussions. This is an important topic. An important way to fix this is in the way we teach theories of migration to students. Do not feel the need to cover neoliberal theories instead provided better, more nuanced, ethnographic or relational theories.
I have written about this in
Article Living in Limbo: Transnational Households, Remittances and Development
and in
Chapter Remittance-Driven Migration in spite of Microfinance? The Ca...
Thank you for the question and interesting discussion. I arrive late but my concern is whether different theories of migration have different effects on migration policies and on migrants' lives.
In my view, structuralist and neomarxist approaches to migration, by diregarding individual agency, may harm migrants' lives. I've worked on migrant women and showed how they bias research and reinforce stereotypes.
Article How neo-Marxism creates bias in gender and migration researc...
Article "Care Drain". Explaining Bias in Theorizing Women's Migration
Article From “brain drain” to “care drain”: Women's labor migration ...
I'd be happy to learn about other theories and their effects,
Considero que la perspectiva con la que abordamos el fenómeno de la movilidad humana puede influir en la toma de decisiones que aborda la administración pública, sin embargo, la propuesta de impactar en una introspección que pueda insidir a nivel micro es una asignatura pendiente que incluso podría afirmar lucha fuertemente con la cosmovisión de vida en múltiples colectividades.
When you observe that you have been discussing and proposing a rather structuralist model where conflicts causing insecurities and the perception of these insecurities determine the migration decisions which are often made within a household, a simultaneous attention is also required about the possible alternatives available for the migrants. The insecurities resulting from conflucts of their home country are furthef compounded by the ones possible in the region of new choice. So the problem needs a deviation from the neoliberal model towards a more specific one, multicultural, assimilationist, historical, ethnic or even market forces where migration is determined accordingly. Its a complex one to be choosen according to the nature of research problem. This is how i see migration.
to analyse how people / households integrate their actions into livelihood strategies; also to go beyond push/pull and look more into decisions, people's aspiration and their actions making use of opportunities and constraints.
Me parece podemos dejar de ir más allá de la migración y el neoliberalismo, porque supone dejar un aspecto central en la explicación del fenómeno migratorio actual. Los modos de incorporación en las sociedades receptoras nos recuerdan de la centralidad del neoliberalismo a la hora de analizar el reclutamiento laboral, la precarización del empleo, la vulneración de derechos y el acceso a servicios como la salud, la educación y previsión entre otros. Cada vez más los/as migrantes acceden a un mercado del trabajo desigual e injusto que explica la alta rentabilidad de las economías.
Article The Middling Mobile: Finding Place in the Liquid City
DM for full print or discussion,
Abstract:
The middling mobile, differentiated by their modest and unsure mobility, are the vast of bulk of people who are neither hyper-mobile nor hopelessly immobile. As they travel they tread differing intensities of rhythm and embeddedness felt to be; chaotic, constraining, liberating, or comforting. Owing to their aspirations to ‘get out’ of a rhythmic life, or to move somewhere familiar, the middling mobile use movement and rootedness to navigate and manage everyday life in the liquid city. My analysis offers a holistic exposition of a life that flows between mobility/immobility and solid/liquid forms, and the transitions from one to the other.