No, SEM-EDX will provide you Carbon (%) and also its not accurate. If you want to find the polymer type you should use Raman or FTIR (or GS-MS by melting your MP)
Stefania Koutsourea then how we can relate SEM-EDX results intemperate and match results
It depends on the area that you are looking, for example if you have organic residue (e.g fish) then the EDS will also contain Na, Mg (P, Ca). Perhaps you ll see more flat areas in case of MPs with low Oxygen %. However, oxygen its not reliable, due to algae contamination.
No, the pure concentration of carbon in organic matter can not indicate plastic. As Stefania Koutsourea already stated in her first posting, you need other spectroscopies for that.
The items you show in you image are large enough to be analyzed e.g. by a confocal Raman microscope. Alternatively, there are also LDI mass spectrometric setups in which you can aim with a microscope.
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