Most certainly this can be done, provided that the printed materials are reasonably transparent for X-rays. In my days as a hospital service engineer solved some mysterious technical problems thanks to using the hospital's CT and traditional X-ray equipment. If you'd want to inspect parts up to the size of a rat for very small defects/deviations, you could use a micro-CT which has a smaller X-ray focus, allowing to image finer details (but in a smaller imaging volume than human scanners).