1. Is the maximum local anesthetic dosing (such as a maximum dose of 2.5mg/kg for Bupivicaine) set with consideration for potential inadvertent intravascular administration, or does it take into account systemic absorption from subcutaneous or perineural administration?

2. When calculating maximum local anesthetic dosage, how do you factor in the use of IV lidocaine infusions during surgery, in addition to local injections by the surgeon at incision sites? How do you determine the safe amount of additional local anesthetic that can be administered by the surgeon?