In the last four years, the run for having more papers published and have more citations make the researchers do some things that are ethics or not, some of this things are:
a) How common is the manipulation of results/data in academic papers?
b) What are some ways to detect data manipulation in scientific papers?
c) What are the consequences of data manipulation in scientific research?
and c) Misuse of information collected or generation of information to publish.
What do you think about it? What else have you seen just for have more citations?
Thanks for your valuable comments!
See these previous discusions (the list is not complete):
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_big_of_a_problem_is_scientific_misconduct/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Lets_talk_about_some_bad_practices_in_Research/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_you_know_what_a_paper_mill_is/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Fraud_by_Numbers_Metrics_and_the_New_Academic_Misconduct/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Are_federal_funding_agencies_insensitive_to_data_fabrication/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_address_academic_dishonesty_and_pressures_to_complete_PhD/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/In_your_opinion_dont_we_need_a_World_Prize_like_Nobel_Peace_Prize_to_discourage_Frauds_and_misconducts_in_Sciences/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Unethical_ways_to_increase_citation/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_plagiarism_be_completely_prevented_in_the_academic_world_If_you_think_it_can_or_cannot_be_blocked_Why/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Academic_Fraud_beyond_FFP_Yes_No_or_Anything_Else/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Research_Ethics_in_Publishing/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_open_science_decrease_scientific_misconduct/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Unethical_behaviour_in_research_publications/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_one_ensure_its_intellectual_work_when_collaborating/1
Here are some more discussions about misconduct with relation to authorship and citations:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_action_can_you_take_against_someone_who_has_published_an_article_in_a_journal_but_did_not_give_you_a_rightful_authorship/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_there_any_one_to_defend_Honorary_forced_authorship_if_not_why_we_practice_it/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_the_research_community_detect_and_filter_Balloon_Professors_who_use_their_students_as_their_ladders_without_any_contribution/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_be_listed_as_a_coauthor_in_published_article_where_you_made_the_most_contribution_but_were_intentionally_left_off_as_a_coauthor/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Papers_from_research_work/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_morally_right_or_wrong_for_reviewers_to_propose_articles_unrelated_to_your_work_for_you_to_cite/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Have_you_ever_felt_pressured_by_peer_reviewers_to_cite_seemingly_superfluous_studies_in_your_work/1
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Unethical_act_of_Reviewer/1
Wolfgang R. Dick Thanks a million for your merged answers link.
Hello Mohammad Rakibul Islam Bhuiyan
You are quite right that this is becoming more and more common, especially as many seek increased citation rate.
I'll attempt to answer your questions:
a) I find it quite common
b) it is very hard to detect or prove - and that is why many get away with it
c) the consequence should be retraction of the work/publication and it be consider invalid (but this is rare and difficult to prove and difficult to enforce)
It is actually more common than we think and in our day-to-day lives.
http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/psych2015/projects/chapter/plagiarism-and-data-manipulation/
Joseph C Lee I have no option to disagree with your insightful information. I would like to add something specially ethical behavior and knowledge sharing mind-set would be priority for academician and researchers. Otherwise, consequences would not be reduced in our day to day lives.
Data manipulation is also crucial part of ethical part on research area.
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