This is a great overview of the Earth’s layers! Each layer has a distinct role in shaping the Earth's overall dynamics and structure. The process of differentiation that occurred during the planet's early history really set the foundation for the modern structure of the Earth.
It is correct to say that according to well drilling data our planet has a solid (rock) outer shell of at least 12 km on the continents and at least 2 km in the ocean. All other information is hypothetical. It is correct to say that inside our planet there are layers with different seismoacoustic characteristics, primarily the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves. Of course, something can be gleaned from volcanic lava data. But in this case it is not about layers. It is about volcanic foci (underground magma reservoirs).
есть данные гравитационных измерений, говорящие о движении массы внутри планеты, вслед за солнцем и луной. Это движение вызывает основные течения и ветра, геотектонику, горообразование, магнитное поле и др. последствия