Hi, hope you are well.
I am doing a literature review on the use of VR simulation in diagnostic imaging and 3 of my studies have the same lead author as they have created the software and use the updated version in each study and but in 2 of their study, they compare VR with role playing or a computer programme. but i was not sure if there is bias or more credibility as they have a better understanding. in addition 2 of the studies, they used the same participants. was wondering if you can give me some guidance, thank you
Having multiple studies from the same group is not a problem per se. You can for example use a random effect that accounts for authors publishing multiple studies. However, if the same patients have been used in these studies, this does not work properly. Including these studies in the same meta-analysis will overestimate influence of these studies. For this case, you could simply randomly pick 1 of these study in your main model. You could collect these studies in the systematic review but not including all of them in the meta-analysis.
You could see the impact of this random choice in your sensitivity analysis (how your final pooled effect is impacted by this choice to see if these studies are influencing your results or not).
My 2 cents...
If two studies are based on the same participants, that would likely be considered a duplication if you include both studies. You may want to include one of the studies.
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