Disaster scientists prefer to avoid using the phrase "natural disaster":

1. Book https://global.oup.com/academic/product/disaster-by-choice-9780198841340

2. Paper https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100008

3. Commentary https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/disaster-choice/202005/does-nature-play-disaster-games

4. Blog https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice

5. Vlog https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlVyY1UAOnU&list=PLCuu5t_nsFKC5IbjnahIEoKHK8o2vegaZ

Regarding ways of using in indigenous knowledges to tackle disasters, please see:

1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2006.11.001

2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2009.00312.x

3. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4081908

4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6095566

5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01126.x

6. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653561011070349

7. http://pubs.iied.org/G02812

8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.11.004

Sher Bahadur Gurung

Namaste. You have really asked a very genuine question. In today's era of modernisation and industrialization, where we are aiming to settle on other planets, we are unable to tame the fury of disasters.

Traditional ways of mitigation and enhancing disaster risk reduction and resilience has always been implemented and brought into practice.

Each disaster differs from one another. so, measures taken to mitigate landslides may not be useful to mitigate floods, earthquakes etc.

so, traditional measures that can be implemented in any area with beneficial outcomes depends upon the topography, resource available and several other factors.

I will love to elaborate if any more points need to be discussed.

Stay Safe! Stay Healthy

In this issue, the level of knowledge (history and types of hazards, geographical context, etc.) of decision makers is very important. Each adaptive measure must be implemented in a local and regional context. You can find such an approach here: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2021-37/